0.7.0

* Options-based create_publisher and create_subscription interfaces

Introduce new Options structs for creating publishers and subscribers. Deprecate existing interfaces for checking in CI how often they are used.

Signed-off-by: Emerson Knapp <eknapp@amazon.com>

* Remove default params that resulted in ambiguous declarations.

Signed-off-by: Emerson Knapp <eknapp@amazon.com>

* Remove one deprecation to limit upstream impact, add documentation on pub/sub options, slim down test lambdas character count

Signed-off-by: Emerson Knapp <eknapp@amazon.com>

* Un-abbreviate Allocator in new interfaces/types, define a common Options specialization that doesn't need empty brackets

Signed-off-by: Emerson Knapp <eknapp@amazon.com>

* Suppress cppcheck syntaxError for the one function

Signed-off-by: Emerson Knapp <eknapp@amazon.com>

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.DS_Store

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -11,3 +11,8 @@ be under the Apache 2 License, as dictated by that
    the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
    with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
 ~~~
+
+Contributors must sign-off each commit by adding a `Signed-off-by: ...`
+line to commit messages to certify that they have the right to submit
+the code they are contributing to the project according to the
+[Developer Certificate of Origin (DCO)](https://developercertificate.org/).

rclcpp/CHANGELOG.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,53 @@
 Changelog for package rclcpp
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
+0.7.0 (2019-04-14)
+------------------
+* Added Options-struct interfaces for creating publishers/subscribers (pre-QoS, standalone). (`#673 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/673>`_)
+* Replaced strncpy with memcpy. (`#684 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/684>`_)
+* Replaced const char * with a std::array<char, TOPIC_NAME_LENGTH> as the key of IPM IDTopicMap. (`#671 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/671>`_)
+* Refactored SignalHandler logger to avoid race during destruction. (`#682 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/682>`_)
+* Introduce rclcpp_components to implement composition. (`#665 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/665>`_)
+* Added QoS policy check when configuring intraprocess, skip interprocess publish when possible. (`#674 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/674>`_)
+* Updated to use do { .. } while(0) around content of logging macros. (`#681 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/681>`_)
+* Added function to get publisher's actual QoS settings. (`#667 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/667>`_)
+* Updated to avoid race that triggers timer too often. (`#621 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/621>`_)
+* Exposed get_fully_qualified_name in NodeBase API. (`#662 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/662>`_)
+* Updated to use ament_target_dependencies where possible. (`#659 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/659>`_)
+* Fixed wait for service memory leak bug. (`#656 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/656>`_)
+* Fixed test_time_source test. (`#639 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/639>`_)
+* Fixed hard-coded duration type representation so int64_t isn't assumed. (`#648 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/648>`_)
+* Fixed cppcheck warning. (`#646 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/646>`_)
+* Added count matching api and intra-process subscriber count. (`#628 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/628>`_)
+* Added Sub Node alternative. (`#581 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/581>`_)
+* Replaced 'auto' with 'const auto &'. (`#630 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/630>`_)
+* Set Parameter Event Publisher settings. `#591 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/591>`_ (`#614 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/614>`_)
+* Replaced node constructor arguments with NodeOptions. (`#622 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/622>`_)
+* Updated to pass context to wait set (`#617 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/617>`_)
+* Added API to get parameters in a map. (`#575 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/575>`_)
+* Updated Bind usage since it is is no longer in std::__1. (`#618 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/618>`_)
+* Fixed errors from uncrustify v0.68. (`#613 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/613>`_)
+* Added new constructors for SyncParameterClient. (`#612 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/612>`_)
+* Contributors: Alberto Soragna, Chris Lalancette, Dirk Thomas, Emerson Knapp, Francisco Martín Rico, Jacob Perron, Marko Durkovic, Michael Carroll, Peter Baughman, Shane Loretz, Wei Liu, William Woodall, Yutaka Kondo, ivanpauno, kuzai, rarvolt
+
+0.6.2 (2018-12-13)
+------------------
+* Updated to use signal safe synchronization with platform specific semaphores (`#607 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/607>`_)
+* Resolved startup race condition for sim time (`#608 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/608>`_)
+  Resolves `#595 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/595>`_
+* Contributors: Tully Foote, William Woodall
+
+0.6.1 (2018-12-07)
+------------------
+* Added wait_for_action_server() for action clients (`#598 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/598>`_)
+* Added node path and time stamp to parameter event message (`#584 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/584>`_)
+* Updated to allow removing a waitable (`#597 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/597>`_)
+* Refactored init to allow for non-global init (`#587 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/587>`_)
+* Fixed wrong use of constructor and hanging test (`#596 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/596>`_)
+* Added class Waitable (`#589 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/589>`_)
+* Updated rcl_wait_set_add\_* calls (`#586 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/586>`_)
+* Contributors: Dirk Thomas, Jacob Perron, Shane Loretz, William Woodall, bpwilcox
+
 0.6.0 (2018-11-19)
 ------------------
 * Updated to use new error handling API from rcutils (`#577 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/577>`_)

rclcpp/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -40,20 +40,24 @@ set(${PROJECT_NAME}_SRCS
   src/rclcpp/executors/multi_threaded_executor.cpp
   src/rclcpp/executors/single_threaded_executor.cpp
   src/rclcpp/graph_listener.cpp
+  src/rclcpp/init_options.cpp
   src/rclcpp/intra_process_manager.cpp
   src/rclcpp/intra_process_manager_impl.cpp
   src/rclcpp/logger.cpp
   src/rclcpp/memory_strategies.cpp
   src/rclcpp/memory_strategy.cpp
   src/rclcpp/node.cpp
+  src/rclcpp/node_options.cpp
   src/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_base.cpp
   src/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_clock.cpp
   src/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_graph.cpp
   src/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_logging.cpp
   src/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_parameters.cpp
   src/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_services.cpp
+  src/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_time_source.cpp
   src/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_timers.cpp
   src/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_topics.cpp
+  src/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_waitables.cpp
   src/rclcpp/parameter.cpp
   src/rclcpp/parameter_value.cpp
   src/rclcpp/parameter_client.cpp
@@ -62,12 +66,14 @@ set(${PROJECT_NAME}_SRCS
   src/rclcpp/parameter_service.cpp
   src/rclcpp/publisher.cpp
   src/rclcpp/service.cpp
+  src/rclcpp/signal_handler.cpp
   src/rclcpp/subscription.cpp
   src/rclcpp/time.cpp
   src/rclcpp/time_source.cpp
   src/rclcpp/timer.cpp
   src/rclcpp/type_support.cpp
   src/rclcpp/utilities.cpp
+  src/rclcpp/waitable.cpp
 )
 
 # "watch" template for changes
@@ -137,70 +143,70 @@ if(BUILD_TESTING)
 
   ament_add_gtest(test_client test/test_client.cpp)
   if(TARGET test_client)
-    target_include_directories(test_client PUBLIC
-      ${rcl_interfaces_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rmw_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_generator_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_typesupport_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+    ament_target_dependencies(test_client
+      "rcl_interfaces"
+      "rmw"
+      "rosidl_generator_cpp"
+      "rosidl_typesupport_cpp"
     )
     target_link_libraries(test_client ${PROJECT_NAME})
   endif()
   ament_add_gtest(test_expand_topic_or_service_name test/test_expand_topic_or_service_name.cpp)
   if(TARGET test_expand_topic_or_service_name)
-    target_include_directories(test_expand_topic_or_service_name PUBLIC
-      ${rcl_interfaces_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rmw_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_generator_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_typesupport_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+    ament_target_dependencies(test_expand_topic_or_service_name
+      "rcl_interfaces"
+      "rmw"
+      "rosidl_generator_cpp"
+      "rosidl_typesupport_cpp"
     )
     target_link_libraries(test_expand_topic_or_service_name ${PROJECT_NAME})
   endif()
   ament_add_gtest(test_function_traits test/test_function_traits.cpp)
   if(TARGET test_function_traits)
-    target_include_directories(test_function_traits PUBLIC
-      ${rcl_interfaces_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rmw_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_generator_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_typesupport_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+    ament_target_dependencies(test_function_traits
+      "rcl_interfaces"
+      "rmw"
+      "rosidl_generator_cpp"
+      "rosidl_typesupport_cpp"
     )
   endif()
   ament_add_gtest(test_mapped_ring_buffer test/test_mapped_ring_buffer.cpp)
   if(TARGET test_mapped_ring_buffer)
-    target_include_directories(test_mapped_ring_buffer PUBLIC
-      ${rcl_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rcl_interfaces_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rmw_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_generator_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_typesupport_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+    ament_target_dependencies(test_mapped_ring_buffer
+      "rcl"
+      "rcl_interfaces"
+      "rmw"
+      "rosidl_generator_cpp"
+      "rosidl_typesupport_cpp"
     )
   endif()
   ament_add_gtest(test_intra_process_manager test/test_intra_process_manager.cpp)
   if(TARGET test_intra_process_manager)
-    target_include_directories(test_intra_process_manager PUBLIC
-      ${rcl_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rcl_interfaces_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rmw_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_generator_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_typesupport_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+    ament_target_dependencies(test_intra_process_manager
+      "rcl"
+      "rcl_interfaces"
+      "rmw"
+      "rosidl_generator_cpp"
+      "rosidl_typesupport_cpp"
     )
   endif()
   ament_add_gtest(test_node test/test_node.cpp)
   if(TARGET test_node)
-    target_include_directories(test_node PUBLIC
-      ${rcl_interfaces_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rmw_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_generator_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_typesupport_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+    ament_target_dependencies(test_node
+      "rcl_interfaces"
+      "rmw"
+      "rosidl_generator_cpp"
+      "rosidl_typesupport_cpp"
     )
     target_link_libraries(test_node ${PROJECT_NAME})
   endif()
   ament_add_gtest(test_node_global_args test/test_node_global_args.cpp)
   if(TARGET test_node_global_args)
-    target_include_directories(test_node_global_args PUBLIC
-      ${rcl_interfaces_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rmw_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_generator_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_typesupport_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+    ament_target_dependencies(test_node_global_args
+      "rcl_interfaces"
+      "rmw"
+      "rosidl_generator_cpp"
+      "rosidl_typesupport_cpp"
     )
     target_link_libraries(test_node_global_args ${PROJECT_NAME})
   endif()
@@ -210,21 +216,21 @@ if(BUILD_TESTING)
   endif()
   ament_add_gtest(test_parameter_events_filter test/test_parameter_events_filter.cpp)
   if(TARGET test_parameter_events_filter)
-    target_include_directories(test_parameter_events_filter PUBLIC
-      ${rcl_interfaces_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rmw_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_generator_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_typesupport_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+    ament_target_dependencies(test_parameter_events_filter
+      "rcl_interfaces"
+      "rmw"
+      "rosidl_generator_cpp"
+      "rosidl_typesupport_cpp"
     )
     target_link_libraries(test_parameter_events_filter ${PROJECT_NAME})
   endif()
   ament_add_gtest(test_parameter test/test_parameter.cpp)
   if(TARGET test_parameter)
-    target_include_directories(test_parameter PUBLIC
-      ${rcl_interfaces_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rmw_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_generator_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_typesupport_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+    ament_target_dependencies(test_parameter
+      "rcl_interfaces"
+      "rmw"
+      "rosidl_generator_cpp"
+      "rosidl_typesupport_cpp"
     )
     target_link_libraries(test_parameter ${PROJECT_NAME})
   endif()
@@ -234,21 +240,40 @@ if(BUILD_TESTING)
   endif()
   ament_add_gtest(test_publisher test/test_publisher.cpp)
   if(TARGET test_publisher)
-    target_include_directories(test_publisher PUBLIC
-      ${rcl_interfaces_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rmw_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_generator_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_typesupport_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+    ament_target_dependencies(test_publisher
+      "rcl_interfaces"
+      "rmw"
+      "rosidl_generator_cpp"
+      "rosidl_typesupport_cpp"
     )
     target_link_libraries(test_publisher ${PROJECT_NAME})
   endif()
+  ament_add_gtest(test_pub_sub_option_interface test/test_pub_sub_option_interface.cpp)
+  if(TARGET test_pub_sub_option_interface)
+    ament_target_dependencies(test_pub_sub_option_interface
+      test_msgs
+    )
+    target_link_libraries(test_pub_sub_option_interface
+      ${PROJECT_NAME}
+    )
+  endif()
+  ament_add_gtest(test_publisher_subscription_count_api test/test_publisher_subscription_count_api.cpp)
+  if(TARGET test_publisher_subscription_count_api)
+    ament_target_dependencies(test_publisher_subscription_count_api
+      "rcl_interfaces"
+      "rmw"
+      "rosidl_generator_cpp"
+      "rosidl_typesupport_cpp"
+    )
+    target_link_libraries(test_publisher_subscription_count_api ${PROJECT_NAME})
+  endif()
   ament_add_gtest(test_rate test/test_rate.cpp)
   if(TARGET test_rate)
-    target_include_directories(test_rate PUBLIC
-      ${rcl_interfaces_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rmw_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_generator_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_typesupport_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+    ament_target_dependencies(test_rate
+      "rcl_interfaces"
+      "rmw"
+      "rosidl_generator_cpp"
+      "rosidl_typesupport_cpp"
     )
     target_link_libraries(test_rate
       ${PROJECT_NAME}
@@ -256,48 +281,55 @@ if(BUILD_TESTING)
   endif()
   ament_add_gtest(test_serialized_message_allocator test/test_serialized_message_allocator.cpp)
   if(TARGET test_serialized_message_allocator)
-    target_include_directories(test_serialized_message_allocator PUBLIC
-      ${test_msgs_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+    ament_target_dependencies(test_serialized_message_allocator
+      test_msgs
     )
     target_link_libraries(test_serialized_message_allocator
       ${PROJECT_NAME}
-      ${test_msgs_LIBRARIES}
     )
   endif()
   ament_add_gtest(test_service test/test_service.cpp)
   if(TARGET test_service)
-    target_include_directories(test_service PUBLIC
-      ${rcl_interfaces_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rmw_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_generator_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_typesupport_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+    ament_target_dependencies(test_service
+      "rcl_interfaces"
+      "rmw"
+      "rosidl_generator_cpp"
+      "rosidl_typesupport_cpp"
     )
     target_link_libraries(test_service ${PROJECT_NAME})
   endif()
   ament_add_gtest(test_subscription test/test_subscription.cpp)
   if(TARGET test_subscription)
-    target_include_directories(test_subscription PUBLIC
-      ${rcl_interfaces_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rmw_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_generator_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-      ${rosidl_typesupport_cpp_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+    ament_target_dependencies(test_subscription
+      "rcl_interfaces"
+      "rmw"
+      "rosidl_generator_cpp"
+      "rosidl_typesupport_cpp"
     )
     target_link_libraries(test_subscription ${PROJECT_NAME})
   endif()
+  ament_add_gtest(test_subscription_publisher_count_api test/test_subscription_publisher_count_api.cpp)
+  if(TARGET test_subscription_publisher_count_api)
+    ament_target_dependencies(test_subscription_publisher_count_api
+      "rcl_interfaces"
+      "rmw"
+      "rosidl_generator_cpp"
+      "rosidl_typesupport_cpp"
+    )
+    target_link_libraries(test_subscription_publisher_count_api ${PROJECT_NAME})
+  endif()
   find_package(test_msgs REQUIRED)
   ament_add_gtest(test_subscription_traits test/test_subscription_traits.cpp)
   if(TARGET test_subscription_traits)
-    target_include_directories(test_subscription_traits PUBLIC
-      ${rcl_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+    ament_target_dependencies(test_subscription_traits
+      "rcl"
+      "test_msgs"
     )
-  ament_target_dependencies(test_subscription_traits
-    "test_msgs"
-  )
   endif()
   ament_add_gtest(test_find_weak_nodes test/test_find_weak_nodes.cpp)
   if(TARGET test_find_weak_nodes)
-    target_include_directories(test_find_weak_nodes PUBLIC
-      ${rcl_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+    ament_target_dependencies(test_find_weak_nodes
+      "rcl"
     )
     target_link_libraries(test_find_weak_nodes ${PROJECT_NAME})
   endif()
@@ -321,8 +353,8 @@ if(BUILD_TESTING)
   ament_add_gtest(test_externally_defined_services test/test_externally_defined_services.cpp
     APPEND_LIBRARY_DIRS "${append_library_dirs}")
   if(TARGET test_externally_defined_services)
-    target_include_directories(test_externally_defined_services PUBLIC
-      ${rcl_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+    ament_target_dependencies(test_externally_defined_services
+      "rcl"
     )
     target_link_libraries(test_externally_defined_services ${PROJECT_NAME})
     foreach(typesupport_impl_cpp ${typesupport_impls_cpp})
@@ -396,16 +428,20 @@ if(BUILD_TESTING)
       "rcl")
     target_link_libraries(test_multi_threaded_executor ${PROJECT_NAME})
   endif()
+
+  ament_add_gtest(test_local_parameters test/test_local_parameters.cpp)
+  if(TARGET test_local_parameters)
+    ament_target_dependencies(test_local_parameters
+      "rcl_interfaces"
+      "rmw"
+      "rosidl_generator_cpp"
+      "rosidl_typesupport_cpp"
+    )
+    target_link_libraries(test_local_parameters ${PROJECT_NAME})
+  endif()
 endif()
 
-ament_package(
-  CONFIG_EXTRAS rclcpp-extras.cmake
-)
-
-install(
-  DIRECTORY cmake
-  DESTINATION share/${PROJECT_NAME}
-)
+ament_package()
 
 install(
   DIRECTORY include/ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/include/

rclcpp/cmake/rclcpp_create_node_main.cmake

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-
-set(rclcpp_node_main_SRC "${rclcpp_DIR}/../../../src/rclcpp/node_main.cpp")
-
-function(rclcpp_create_node_main node_library_target)
-  if(NOT TARGET ${node_library_target})
-    message(FATAL_ERROR "rclcpp_create_node_main() the first argument must be a valid target name")
-  endif()
-  set(executable_name_ ${node_library_target}_node)
-  add_executable(${executable_name_} ${rclcpp_node_main_SRC})
-  target_link_libraries(${executable_name_} ${node_library_target})
-  install(TARGETS ${executable_name_} DESTINATION bin)
-endfunction()

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/any_executable.hpp

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "rclcpp/subscription.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/timer.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/visibility_control.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/waitable.hpp"
 
 namespace rclcpp
 {
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ struct AnyExecutable
   rclcpp::TimerBase::SharedPtr timer;
   rclcpp::ServiceBase::SharedPtr service;
   rclcpp::ClientBase::SharedPtr client;
+  rclcpp::Waitable::SharedPtr waitable;
   // These are used to keep the scope on the containing items
   rclcpp::callback_group::CallbackGroup::SharedPtr callback_group;
   rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeBaseInterface::SharedPtr node_base;

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/callback_group.hpp

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "rclcpp/subscription.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/timer.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/visibility_control.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/waitable.hpp"
 
 namespace rclcpp
 {
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ namespace node_interfaces
 class NodeServices;
 class NodeTimers;
 class NodeTopics;
+class NodeWaitables;
 }  // namespace node_interfaces
 
 namespace callback_group
@@ -51,6 +53,7 @@ class CallbackGroup
   friend class rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeServices;
   friend class rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTimers;
   friend class rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTopics;
+  friend class rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeWaitables;
 
 public:
   RCLCPP_SMART_PTR_DEFINITIONS(CallbackGroup)
@@ -74,6 +77,10 @@ public:
   const std::vector<rclcpp::ClientBase::WeakPtr> &
   get_client_ptrs() const;
 
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  const std::vector<rclcpp::Waitable::WeakPtr> &
+  get_waitable_ptrs() const;
+
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   std::atomic_bool &
   can_be_taken_from();
@@ -101,6 +108,14 @@ protected:
   void
   add_client(const rclcpp::ClientBase::SharedPtr client_ptr);
 
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  void
+  add_waitable(const rclcpp::Waitable::SharedPtr waitable_ptr);
+
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  void
+  remove_waitable(const rclcpp::Waitable::SharedPtr waitable_ptr) noexcept;
+
   CallbackGroupType type_;
   // Mutex to protect the subsequent vectors of pointers.
   mutable std::mutex mutex_;
@@ -108,6 +123,7 @@ protected:
   std::vector<rclcpp::TimerBase::WeakPtr> timer_ptrs_;
   std::vector<rclcpp::ServiceBase::WeakPtr> service_ptrs_;
   std::vector<rclcpp::ClientBase::WeakPtr> client_ptrs_;
+  std::vector<rclcpp::Waitable::WeakPtr> waitable_ptrs_;
   std::atomic_bool can_be_taken_from_;
 };
 

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/client.hpp

@@ -78,10 +78,10 @@ public:
   bool
   service_is_ready() const;
 
-  template<typename RatioT = std::milli>
+  template<typename RepT = int64_t, typename RatioT = std::milli>
   bool
   wait_for_service(
-    std::chrono::duration<int64_t, RatioT> timeout = std::chrono::duration<int64_t, RatioT>(-1))
+    std::chrono::duration<RepT, RatioT> timeout = std::chrono::duration<RepT, RatioT>(-1))
   {
     return wait_for_service_nanoseconds(
       std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(timeout)
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@ protected:
 
   rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeGraphInterface::WeakPtr node_graph_;
   std::shared_ptr<rcl_node_t> node_handle_;
+  std::shared_ptr<rclcpp::Context> context_;
 
   std::shared_ptr<rcl_client_t> client_handle_;
 };
@@ -171,13 +172,13 @@ public:
   }
 
   std::shared_ptr<void>
-  create_response()
+  create_response() override
   {
     return std::shared_ptr<void>(new typename ServiceT::Response());
   }
 
   std::shared_ptr<rmw_request_id_t>
-  create_request_header()
+  create_request_header() override
   {
     // TODO(wjwwood): This should probably use rmw_request_id's allocator.
     //                (since it is a C type)
@@ -187,7 +188,7 @@ public:
   void
   handle_response(
     std::shared_ptr<rmw_request_id_t> request_header,
-    std::shared_ptr<void> response)
+    std::shared_ptr<void> response) override
   {
     std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(pending_requests_mutex_);
     auto typed_response = std::static_pointer_cast<typename ServiceT::Response>(response);

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/context.hpp

@@ -15,34 +15,292 @@
 #ifndef RCLCPP__CONTEXT_HPP_
 #define RCLCPP__CONTEXT_HPP_
 
-#include <iostream>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <functional>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
+#include <string>
 #include <typeindex>
 #include <typeinfo>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <utility>
+#include <vector>
 
+#include "rcl/context.h"
+#include "rcl/guard_condition.h"
+#include "rcl/wait.h"
+#include "rclcpp/init_options.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/macros.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/visibility_control.hpp"
-#include "rmw/rmw.h"
 
 namespace rclcpp
 {
 
-class Context
+/// Thrown when init is called on an already initialized context.
+class ContextAlreadyInitialized : public std::runtime_error
+{
+public:
+  ContextAlreadyInitialized()
+  : std::runtime_error("context is already initialized") {}
+};
+
+/// Context which encapsulates shared state between nodes and other similar entities.
+/**
+ * A context also represents the lifecycle between init and shutdown of rclcpp.
+ * It is often used in conjunction with rclcpp::init, or rclcpp::init_local,
+ * and rclcpp::shutdown.
+ */
+class Context : public std::enable_shared_from_this<Context>
 {
 public:
   RCLCPP_SMART_PTR_DEFINITIONS(Context)
 
+  /// Default constructor, after which the Context is still not "initialized".
+  /**
+   * Every context which is constructed is added to a global vector of contexts,
+   * which is used by the signal handler to conditionally shutdown each context
+   * on SIGINT.
+   * See the shutdown_on_sigint option in the InitOptions class.
+   */
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   Context();
 
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  ~Context();
+
+  /// Initialize the context, and the underlying elements like the rcl context.
+  /**
+   * This method must be called before passing this context to things like the
+   * constructor of Node.
+   * It must also be called before trying to shutdown the context.
+   *
+   * Note that this function does not setup any signal handlers, so if you want
+   * it to be shutdown by the signal handler, then you need to either install
+   * them manually with rclcpp::install_signal_handers() or use rclcpp::init().
+   * In addition to installing the signal handlers, the shutdown_on_sigint
+   * of the InitOptions needs to be `true` for this context to be shutdown by
+   * the signal handler, otherwise it will be passed over.
+   *
+   * After calling this method, shutdown() can be called to invalidate the
+   * context for derived entities, e.g. nodes, guard conditions, etc.
+   * However, the underlying rcl context is not finalized until this Context's
+   * destructor is called or this function is called again.
+   * Allowing this class to go out of scope and get destructed or calling this
+   * function a second time while derived entities are still using the context
+   * is undefined behavior and should be avoided.
+   * It's a good idea to not reuse context objects and instead create a new one
+   * each time you need to shutdown and init again.
+   * This allows derived entities to hold on to shard pointers to the first
+   * context object until they are done.
+   *
+   * This function is thread-safe.
+   *
+   * \param[in] argc number of arguments
+   * \param[in] argv argument array which may contain arguments intended for ROS
+   * \param[in] init_options initialization options for rclcpp and underlying layers
+   * \throw ContextAlreadyInitialized if called if init is called more than once
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  void
+  init(
+    int argc,
+    char const * const argv[],
+    const rclcpp::InitOptions & init_options = rclcpp::InitOptions());
+
+  /// Return true if the context is valid, otherwise false.
+  /**
+   * The context is valid if it has been initialized but not shutdown.
+   *
+   * This function is thread-safe.
+   * This function is lock free so long as pointers and uint64_t atomics are
+   * lock free.
+   *
+   * \return true if valid, otherwise false
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  bool
+  is_valid() const;
+
+  /// Return the init options used during init.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  const rclcpp::InitOptions &
+  get_init_options() const;
+
+  /// Return a copy of the init options used during init.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  rclcpp::InitOptions
+  get_init_options();
+
+  /// Return the shutdown reason, or empty string if not shutdown.
+  /**
+   * This function is thread-safe.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  std::string
+  shutdown_reason();
+
+  /// Shutdown the context, making it uninitialized and therefore invalid for derived entities.
+  /**
+   * Several things happen when the context is shutdown, in this order:
+   *
+   * - acquires a lock to prevent race conditions with init, on_shutdown, etc.
+   * - if the context is not initialized, return false
+   * - rcl_shutdown() is called on the internal rcl_context_t instance
+   * - the shutdown reason is set
+   * - each on_shutdown callback is called, in the order that they were added
+   * - interrupt blocking sleep_for() calls, so they return early due to shutdown
+   * - interrupt blocking executors and wait sets
+   *
+   * The underlying rcl context is not finalized by this function.
+   *
+   * This function is thread-safe.
+   *
+   * \param[in] reason the description of why shutdown happened
+   * \return true if shutdown was successful, false if context was already shutdown
+   * \throw various exceptions derived from RCLErrorBase, if rcl_shutdown fails
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  bool
+  shutdown(const std::string & reason);
+
+  using OnShutdownCallback = std::function<void ()>;
+
+  /// Add a on_shutdown callback to be called when shutdown is called for this context.
+  /**
+   * These callbacks will be called in the order they are added as the second
+   * to last step in shutdown().
+   *
+   * When shutdown occurs due to the signal handler, these callbacks are run
+   * asynchronoulsy in the dedicated singal handling thread.
+   *
+   * Also, shutdown() may be called from the destructor of this function.
+   * Therefore, it is not safe to throw exceptions from these callbacks.
+   * Instead, log errors or use some other mechanism to indicate an error has
+   * occurred.
+   *
+   * On shutdown callbacks may be registered before init and after shutdown,
+   * and persist on repeated init's.
+   *
+   * \param[in] callback the on shutdown callback to be registered
+   * \return the callback passed, for convenience when storing a passed lambda
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  OnShutdownCallback
+  on_shutdown(OnShutdownCallback callback);
+
+  /// Return the shutdown callbacks as const.
+  /**
+   * Using the returned reference is not thread-safe with calls that modify
+   * the list of "on shutdown" callbacks, i.e. on_shutdown().
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  const std::vector<OnShutdownCallback> &
+  get_on_shutdown_callbacks() const;
+
+  /// Return the shutdown callbacks.
+  /**
+   * Using the returned reference is not thread-safe with calls that modify
+   * the list of "on shutdown" callbacks, i.e. on_shutdown().
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  std::vector<OnShutdownCallback> &
+  get_on_shutdown_callbacks();
+
+  /// Return the internal rcl context.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  std::shared_ptr<rcl_context_t>
+  get_rcl_context();
+
+  /// Sleep for a given period of time or until shutdown() is called.
+  /**
+   * This function can be interrupted early if:
+   *
+   *   - this context is shutdown()
+   *   - this context is destructed (resulting in shutdown)
+   *   - this context has shutdown_on_sigint=true and SIGINT occurs (resulting in shutdown)
+   *   - interrupt_all_sleep_for() is called
+   *
+   * \param[in] nanoseconds A std::chrono::duration representing how long to sleep for.
+   * \return true if the condition variable did not timeout, i.e. you were interrupted.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  bool
+  sleep_for(const std::chrono::nanoseconds & nanoseconds);
+
+  /// Interrupt any blocking sleep_for calls, causing them to return immediately and return true.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  void
+  interrupt_all_sleep_for();
+
+  /// Get a handle to the guard condition which is triggered when interrupted.
+  /**
+   * This guard condition is triggered any time interrupt_all_wait_sets() is
+   * called, which may be called by the user, or shutdown().
+   * And in turn, shutdown() may be called by the user, the destructor of this
+   * context, or the signal handler if installed and shutdown_on_sigint is true
+   * for this context.
+   *
+   * The first time that this function is called for a given wait set a new guard
+   * condition will be created and returned; thereafter the same guard condition
+   * will be returned for the same wait set.
+   * This mechanism is designed to ensure that the same guard condition is not
+   * reused across wait sets (e.g., when using multiple executors in the same
+   * process).
+   * This method will throw an exception if initialization of the guard
+   * condition fails.
+   *
+   * The returned guard condition needs to be released with the
+   * release_interrupt_guard_condition() method in order to reclaim resources.
+   *
+   * \param[in] wait_set Pointer to the rcl_wait_set_t that will be using the
+   *   resulting guard condition.
+   * \return Pointer to the guard condition.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  rcl_guard_condition_t *
+  get_interrupt_guard_condition(rcl_wait_set_t * wait_set);
+
+  /// Release the previously allocated guard condition which is triggered when interrupted.
+  /**
+   * If you previously called get_interrupt_guard_condition() for a given wait
+   * set to get a interrupt guard condition, then you should call
+   * release_interrupt_guard_condition() when you're done, to free that
+   * condition.
+   * Will throw an exception if get_interrupt_guard_condition() wasn't
+   * previously called for the given wait set.
+   *
+   * After calling this, the pointer returned by get_interrupt_guard_condition()
+   * for the given wait_set is invalid.
+   *
+   * \param[in] wait_set Pointer to the rcl_wait_set_t that was using the
+   *   resulting guard condition.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  void
+  release_interrupt_guard_condition(rcl_wait_set_t * wait_set);
+
+  /// Nothrow version of release_interrupt_guard_condition(), logs to RCLCPP_ERROR instead.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  void
+  release_interrupt_guard_condition(rcl_wait_set_t * wait_set, const std::nothrow_t &) noexcept;
+
+  /// Interrupt any blocking executors, or wait sets associated with this context.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  void
+  interrupt_all_wait_sets();
+
+  /// Return a singleton instance for the SubContext type, constructing one if necessary.
   template<typename SubContext, typename ... Args>
   std::shared_ptr<SubContext>
   get_sub_context(Args && ... args)
   {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(sub_contexts_mutex_);
 
     std::type_index type_i(typeid(SubContext));
     std::shared_ptr<SubContext> sub_context;
@@ -62,13 +320,51 @@ public:
     return sub_context;
   }
 
+protected:
+  // Called by constructor and destructor to clean up by finalizing the
+  // shutdown rcl context and preparing for a new init cycle.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  void
+  clean_up();
+
 private:
   RCLCPP_DISABLE_COPY(Context)
 
+  // This mutex is recursive so that the destructor can ensure atomicity
+  // between is_initialized and shutdown.
+  std::recursive_mutex init_mutex_;
+  std::shared_ptr<rcl_context_t> rcl_context_;
+  rclcpp::InitOptions init_options_;
+  std::string shutdown_reason_;
+
   std::unordered_map<std::type_index, std::shared_ptr<void>> sub_contexts_;
-  std::mutex mutex_;
+  // This mutex is recursive so that the constructor of a sub context may
+  // attempt to acquire another sub context.
+  std::recursive_mutex sub_contexts_mutex_;
+
+  std::vector<OnShutdownCallback> on_shutdown_callbacks_;
+  std::mutex on_shutdown_callbacks_mutex_;
+
+  /// Condition variable for timed sleep (see sleep_for).
+  std::condition_variable interrupt_condition_variable_;
+  /// Mutex for protecting the global condition variable.
+  std::mutex interrupt_mutex_;
+
+  /// Mutex to protect sigint_guard_cond_handles_.
+  std::mutex interrupt_guard_cond_handles_mutex_;
+  /// Guard conditions for interrupting of associated wait sets on interrupt_all_wait_sets().
+  std::unordered_map<rcl_wait_set_t *, rcl_guard_condition_t> interrupt_guard_cond_handles_;
 };
 
+/// Return a copy of the list of context shared pointers.
+/**
+ * This function is thread-safe.
+ */
+RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+std::vector<Context::SharedPtr>
+get_contexts();
+
 }  // namespace rclcpp
 
 #endif  // RCLCPP__CONTEXT_HPP_

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/executor.hpp

@@ -28,9 +28,10 @@
 #include "rcl/guard_condition.h"
 #include "rcl/wait.h"
 
-#include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_base_interface.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/contexts/default_context.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/memory_strategies.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/memory_strategy.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_base_interface.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/utilities.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/visibility_control.hpp"
 
@@ -65,16 +66,20 @@ to_string(const FutureReturnCode & future_return_code);
  */
 struct ExecutorArgs
 {
+  ExecutorArgs()
+  : memory_strategy(memory_strategies::create_default_strategy()),
+    context(rclcpp::contexts::default_context::get_global_default_context()),
+    max_conditions(0)
+  {}
+
   memory_strategy::MemoryStrategy::SharedPtr memory_strategy;
-  size_t max_conditions = 0;
+  std::shared_ptr<rclcpp::Context> context;
+  size_t max_conditions;
 };
 
 static inline ExecutorArgs create_default_executor_arguments()
 {
-  ExecutorArgs args;
-  args.memory_strategy = memory_strategies::create_default_strategy();
-  args.max_conditions = 0;
-  return args;
+  return ExecutorArgs();
 }
 
 /// Coordinate the order and timing of available communication tasks.
@@ -95,7 +100,7 @@ public:
   /// Default constructor.
   // \param[in] ms The memory strategy to be used with this executor.
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
-  explicit Executor(const ExecutorArgs & args = create_default_executor_arguments());
+  explicit Executor(const ExecutorArgs & args = ExecutorArgs());
 
   /// Default destructor.
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
@@ -146,11 +151,11 @@ public:
    * spin_node_once to block indefinitely (the default behavior). A timeout of 0 causes this
    * function to be non-blocking.
    */
-  template<typename T = std::milli>
+  template<typename RepT = int64_t, typename T = std::milli>
   void
   spin_node_once(
     rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeBaseInterface::SharedPtr node,
-    std::chrono::duration<int64_t, T> timeout = std::chrono::duration<int64_t, T>(-1))
+    std::chrono::duration<RepT, T> timeout = std::chrono::duration<RepT, T>(-1))
   {
     return spin_node_once_nanoseconds(
       node,
@@ -159,11 +164,11 @@ public:
   }
 
   /// Convenience function which takes Node and forwards NodeBaseInterface.
-  template<typename NodeT = rclcpp::Node, typename T = std::milli>
+  template<typename NodeT = rclcpp::Node, typename RepT = int64_t, typename T = std::milli>
   void
   spin_node_once(
     std::shared_ptr<NodeT> node,
-    std::chrono::duration<int64_t, T> timeout = std::chrono::duration<int64_t, T>(-1))
+    std::chrono::duration<RepT, T> timeout = std::chrono::duration<RepT, T>(-1))
   {
     return spin_node_once_nanoseconds(
       node->get_node_base_interface(),
@@ -213,11 +218,11 @@ public:
    *   code.
    * \return The return code, one of `SUCCESS`, `INTERRUPTED`, or `TIMEOUT`.
    */
-  template<typename ResponseT, typename TimeT = std::milli>
+  template<typename ResponseT, typename TimeRepT = int64_t, typename TimeT = std::milli>
   FutureReturnCode
   spin_until_future_complete(
     std::shared_future<ResponseT> & future,
-    std::chrono::duration<int64_t, TimeT> timeout = std::chrono::duration<int64_t, TimeT>(-1))
+    std::chrono::duration<TimeRepT, TimeT> timeout = std::chrono::duration<TimeRepT, TimeT>(-1))
   {
     // TODO(wjwwood): does not work recursively; can't call spin_node_until_future_complete
     // inside a callback executed by an executor.
@@ -237,7 +242,7 @@ public:
     }
     std::chrono::nanoseconds timeout_left = timeout_ns;
 
-    while (rclcpp::ok()) {
+    while (rclcpp::ok(this->context_)) {
       // Do one item of work.
       spin_once(timeout_left);
       // Check if the future is set, return SUCCESS if it is.
@@ -353,6 +358,9 @@ protected:
   /// The memory strategy: an interface for handling user-defined memory allocation strategies.
   memory_strategy::MemoryStrategy::SharedPtr memory_strategy_;
 
+  /// The context associated with this executor.
+  std::shared_ptr<rclcpp::Context> context_;
+
 private:
   RCLCPP_DISABLE_COPY(Executor)
 

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/executors.hpp

@@ -65,13 +65,13 @@ using rclcpp::executors::SingleThreadedExecutor;
  *   If the time spent inside the blocking loop exceeds this timeout, return a `TIMEOUT` return code.
  * \return The return code, one of `SUCCESS`, `INTERRUPTED`, or `TIMEOUT`.
  */
-template<typename ResponseT, typename TimeT = std::milli>
+template<typename ResponseT, typename TimeRepT = int64_t, typename TimeT = std::milli>
 rclcpp::executor::FutureReturnCode
 spin_node_until_future_complete(
   rclcpp::executor::Executor & executor,
   rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeBaseInterface::SharedPtr node_ptr,
   std::shared_future<ResponseT> & future,
-  std::chrono::duration<int64_t, TimeT> timeout = std::chrono::duration<int64_t, TimeT>(-1))
+  std::chrono::duration<TimeRepT, TimeT> timeout = std::chrono::duration<TimeRepT, TimeT>(-1))
 {
   // TODO(wjwwood): does not work recursively; can't call spin_node_until_future_complete
   // inside a callback executed by an executor.
@@ -81,13 +81,14 @@ spin_node_until_future_complete(
   return retcode;
 }
 
-template<typename NodeT = rclcpp::Node, typename ResponseT, typename TimeT = std::milli>
+template<typename NodeT = rclcpp::Node, typename ResponseT, typename TimeRepT = int64_t,
+  typename TimeT = std::milli>
 rclcpp::executor::FutureReturnCode
 spin_node_until_future_complete(
   rclcpp::executor::Executor & executor,
   std::shared_ptr<NodeT> node_ptr,
   std::shared_future<ResponseT> & future,
-  std::chrono::duration<int64_t, TimeT> timeout = std::chrono::duration<int64_t, TimeT>(-1))
+  std::chrono::duration<TimeRepT, TimeT> timeout = std::chrono::duration<TimeRepT, TimeT>(-1))
 {
   return rclcpp::executors::spin_node_until_future_complete(
     executor,
@@ -98,23 +99,24 @@ spin_node_until_future_complete(
 
 }  // namespace executors
 
-template<typename FutureT, typename TimeT = std::milli>
+template<typename FutureT, typename TimeRepT = int64_t, typename TimeT = std::milli>
 rclcpp::executor::FutureReturnCode
 spin_until_future_complete(
   rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeBaseInterface::SharedPtr node_ptr,
   std::shared_future<FutureT> & future,
-  std::chrono::duration<int64_t, TimeT> timeout = std::chrono::duration<int64_t, TimeT>(-1))
+  std::chrono::duration<TimeRepT, TimeT> timeout = std::chrono::duration<TimeRepT, TimeT>(-1))
 {
   rclcpp::executors::SingleThreadedExecutor executor;
   return executors::spin_node_until_future_complete<FutureT>(executor, node_ptr, future, timeout);
 }
 
-template<typename NodeT = rclcpp::Node, typename FutureT, typename TimeT = std::milli>
+template<typename NodeT = rclcpp::Node, typename FutureT, typename TimeRepT = int64_t,
+  typename TimeT = std::milli>
 rclcpp::executor::FutureReturnCode
 spin_until_future_complete(
   std::shared_ptr<NodeT> node_ptr,
   std::shared_future<FutureT> & future,
-  std::chrono::duration<int64_t, TimeT> timeout = std::chrono::duration<int64_t, TimeT>(-1))
+  std::chrono::duration<TimeRepT, TimeT> timeout = std::chrono::duration<TimeRepT, TimeT>(-1))
 {
   return rclcpp::spin_until_future_complete(node_ptr->get_node_base_interface(), future, timeout);
 }

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/executors/multi_threaded_executor.hpp

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ public:
    */
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   MultiThreadedExecutor(
-    const executor::ExecutorArgs & args = rclcpp::executor::create_default_executor_arguments(),
+    const executor::ExecutorArgs & args = executor::ExecutorArgs(),
     size_t number_of_threads = 0,
     bool yield_before_execute = false);
 
@@ -78,7 +78,6 @@ private:
   size_t number_of_threads_;
   bool yield_before_execute_;
 
-  std::mutex scheduled_timers_mutex_;
   std::set<TimerBase::SharedPtr> scheduled_timers_;
 };
 

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/executors/single_threaded_executor.hpp

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public:
   /// Default constructor. See the default constructor for Executor.
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   SingleThreadedExecutor(
-    const executor::ExecutorArgs & args = rclcpp::executor::create_default_executor_arguments());
+    const executor::ExecutorArgs & args = executor::ExecutorArgs());
 
   /// Default destrcutor.
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/function_traits.hpp

@@ -49,14 +49,14 @@ template<typename FunctionT>
 struct function_traits
 {
   using arguments = typename tuple_tail<
-    typename function_traits<decltype( & FunctionT::operator())>::arguments>::type;
+    typename function_traits<decltype( &FunctionT::operator())>::arguments>::type;
 
   static constexpr std::size_t arity = std::tuple_size<arguments>::value;
 
   template<std::size_t N>
   using argument_type = typename std::tuple_element<N, arguments>::type;
 
-  using return_type = typename function_traits<decltype( & FunctionT::operator())>::return_type;
+  using return_type = typename function_traits<decltype( &FunctionT::operator())>::return_type;
 };
 
 // Free functions
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ struct function_traits<ReturnTypeT (*)(Args ...)>: function_traits<ReturnTypeT(A
 // std::bind for object methods
 template<typename ClassT, typename ReturnTypeT, typename ... Args, typename ... FArgs>
 #if defined _LIBCPP_VERSION  // libc++ (Clang)
-struct function_traits<std::__1::__bind<ReturnTypeT (ClassT::*)(Args ...), FArgs ...>>
+struct function_traits<std::__bind<ReturnTypeT (ClassT::*)(Args ...), FArgs ...>>
 #elif defined _GLIBCXX_RELEASE  // glibc++ (GNU C++ >= 7.1)
 struct function_traits<std::_Bind<ReturnTypeT(ClassT::*(FArgs ...))(Args ...)>>
 #elif defined __GLIBCXX__  // glibc++ (GNU C++)
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ struct function_traits<
 // std::bind for free functions
 template<typename ReturnTypeT, typename ... Args, typename ... FArgs>
 #if defined _LIBCPP_VERSION  // libc++ (Clang)
-struct function_traits<std::__1::__bind<ReturnTypeT( &)(Args ...), FArgs ...>>
+struct function_traits<std::__bind<ReturnTypeT( &)(Args ...), FArgs ...>>
 #elif defined __GLIBCXX__  // glibc++ (GNU C++)
 struct function_traits<std::_Bind<ReturnTypeT(*(FArgs ...))(Args ...)>>
 #elif defined _MSC_VER  // MS Visual Studio

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/graph_listener.hpp

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 
 #include "rcl/guard_condition.h"
 #include "rcl/wait.h"
+#include "rclcpp/context.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/macros.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_graph_interface.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/visibility_control.hpp"
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ class GraphListener : public std::enable_shared_from_this<GraphListener>
 {
 public:
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
-  GraphListener();
+  explicit GraphListener(std::shared_ptr<rclcpp::Context> parent_context);
 
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   virtual ~GraphListener();
@@ -133,6 +134,12 @@ public:
   void
   shutdown();
 
+  /// Nothrow version of shutdown(), logs to RCLCPP_ERROR instead.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  void
+  shutdown(const std::nothrow_t &) noexcept;
+
   /// Return true if shutdown() has been called, else false.
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   virtual
@@ -154,6 +161,12 @@ protected:
 private:
   RCLCPP_DISABLE_COPY(GraphListener)
 
+  /** \internal */
+  void
+  __shutdown(bool);
+
+  rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr parent_context_;
+
   std::thread listener_thread_;
   bool is_started_;
   std::atomic_bool is_shutdown_;
@@ -164,6 +177,7 @@ private:
   std::vector<rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeGraphInterface *> node_graph_interfaces_;
 
   rcl_guard_condition_t interrupt_guard_condition_ = rcl_get_zero_initialized_guard_condition();
+  std::shared_ptr<rcl_context_t> interrupt_guard_condition_context_;
   rcl_guard_condition_t * shutdown_guard_condition_;
   rcl_wait_set_t wait_set_ = rcl_get_zero_initialized_wait_set();
 };

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/init_options.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RCLCPP__INIT_OPTIONS_HPP_
+#define RCLCPP__INIT_OPTIONS_HPP_
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "rcl/init_options.h"
+#include "rclcpp/visibility_control.hpp"
+
+namespace rclcpp
+{
+
+/// Encapsulation of options for initializing rclcpp.
+class InitOptions
+{
+public:
+  /// If true, the context will be shutdown on SIGINT by the signal handler (if it was installed).
+  bool shutdown_on_sigint = true;
+
+  /// Constructor which allows you to specify the allocator used within the init options.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  explicit InitOptions(rcl_allocator_t allocator = rcl_get_default_allocator());
+
+  /// Constructor which is initialized by an existing init_options.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  explicit InitOptions(const rcl_init_options_t & init_options);
+
+  /// Copy constructor.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  InitOptions(const InitOptions & other);
+
+  /// Assignment operator.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  InitOptions &
+  operator=(const InitOptions & other);
+
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  ~InitOptions();
+
+  /// Return the rcl init options.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  const rcl_init_options_t *
+  get_rcl_init_options() const;
+
+protected:
+  void
+  finalize_init_options();
+
+private:
+  std::unique_ptr<rcl_init_options_t> init_options_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace rclcpp
+
+#endif  // RCLCPP__INIT_OPTIONS_HPP_

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/intra_process_manager.hpp

@@ -346,6 +346,11 @@ public:
   bool
   matches_any_publishers(const rmw_gid_t * id) const;
 
+  /// Return the number of intraprocess subscriptions to a topic, given the publisher id.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  size_t
+  get_subscription_count(uint64_t intra_process_publisher_id) const;
+
 private:
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   static uint64_t

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/intra_process_manager_impl.hpp

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #define RCLCPP__INTRA_PROCESS_MANAGER_IMPL_HPP_
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
 #include <atomic>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <functional>
@@ -24,10 +25,13 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <set>
+#include <stdexcept>
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <utility>
 
+#include "rmw/validate_full_topic_name.h"
+
 #include "rclcpp/macros.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/mapped_ring_buffer.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/publisher.hpp"
@@ -80,6 +84,9 @@ public:
   virtual bool
   matches_any_publishers(const rmw_gid_t * id) const = 0;
 
+  virtual size_t
+  get_subscription_count(uint64_t intra_process_publisher_id) const = 0;
+
 private:
   RCLCPP_DISABLE_COPY(IntraProcessManagerImplBase)
 };
@@ -95,9 +102,7 @@ public:
   add_subscription(uint64_t id, SubscriptionBase::SharedPtr subscription)
   {
     subscriptions_[id] = subscription;
-    // subscription->get_topic_name() -> const char * can be used as the key,
-    // since subscriptions_ shares the ownership of subscription
-    subscription_ids_by_topic_[subscription->get_topic_name()].insert(id);
+    subscription_ids_by_topic_[fixed_size_string(subscription->get_topic_name())].insert(id);
   }
 
   void
@@ -172,7 +177,8 @@ public:
     }
 
     // Figure out what subscriptions should receive the message.
-    auto & destined_subscriptions = subscription_ids_by_topic_[publisher->get_topic_name()];
+    auto & destined_subscriptions =
+      subscription_ids_by_topic_[fixed_size_string(publisher->get_topic_name())];
     // Store the list for later comparison.
     if (info.target_subscriptions_by_message_sequence.count(message_seq) == 0) {
       info.target_subscriptions_by_message_sequence.emplace(
@@ -248,9 +254,52 @@ public:
     return false;
   }
 
+  size_t
+  get_subscription_count(uint64_t intra_process_publisher_id) const
+  {
+    auto publisher_it = publishers_.find(intra_process_publisher_id);
+    if (publisher_it == publishers_.end()) {
+      // Publisher is either invalid or no longer exists.
+      return 0;
+    }
+    auto publisher = publisher_it->second.publisher.lock();
+    if (!publisher) {
+      throw std::runtime_error("publisher has unexpectedly gone out of scope");
+    }
+    auto sub_map_it =
+      subscription_ids_by_topic_.find(fixed_size_string(publisher->get_topic_name()));
+    if (sub_map_it == subscription_ids_by_topic_.end()) {
+      // No intraprocess subscribers
+      return 0;
+    }
+    return sub_map_it->second.size();
+  }
+
 private:
   RCLCPP_DISABLE_COPY(IntraProcessManagerImpl)
 
+  using FixedSizeString = std::array<char, RMW_TOPIC_MAX_NAME_LENGTH + 1>;
+
+  FixedSizeString
+  fixed_size_string(const char * str) const
+  {
+    FixedSizeString ret;
+    size_t size = std::strlen(str) + 1;
+    if (size > ret.size()) {
+      throw std::runtime_error("failed to copy topic name");
+    }
+    std::memcpy(ret.data(), str, size);
+    return ret;
+  }
+  struct strcmp_wrapper
+  {
+    bool
+    operator()(const FixedSizeString lhs, const FixedSizeString rhs) const
+    {
+      return std::strcmp(lhs.data(), rhs.data()) < 0;
+    }
+  };
+
   template<typename T>
   using RebindAlloc = typename std::allocator_traits<Allocator>::template rebind_alloc<T>;
 
@@ -262,19 +311,11 @@ private:
     std::hash<uint64_t>, std::equal_to<uint64_t>,
     RebindAlloc<std::pair<const uint64_t, SubscriptionBase::WeakPtr>>>;
 
-  struct strcmp_wrapper
-  {
-    bool
-    operator()(const char * lhs, const char * rhs) const
-    {
-      return std::strcmp(lhs, rhs) < 0;
-    }
-  };
   using IDTopicMap = std::map<
-    const char *,
+    FixedSizeString,
     AllocSet,
     strcmp_wrapper,
-    RebindAlloc<std::pair<const char * const, AllocSet>>>;
+    RebindAlloc<std::pair<const FixedSizeString, AllocSet>>>;
 
   SubscriptionMap subscriptions_;
 

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/intra_process_setting.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Copyright 2019 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RCLCPP__INTRA_PROCESS_SETTING_HPP_
+#define RCLCPP__INTRA_PROCESS_SETTING_HPP_
+
+namespace rclcpp
+{
+
+/// Used as argument in create_publisher and create_subscriber.
+enum class IntraProcessSetting
+{
+  /// Explicitly enable intraprocess comm at publisher/subscription level.
+  Enable,
+  /// Explicitly disable intraprocess comm at publisher/subscription level.
+  Disable,
+  /// Take intraprocess configuration from the node.
+  NodeDefault
+};
+
+}  // namespace rclcpp
+
+#endif  // RCLCPP__INTRA_PROCESS_SETTING_HPP_

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/logger.hpp

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 
 #include "rclcpp/visibility_control.hpp"
 
+#include "rcl/node.h"
+
 /**
  * \def RCLCPP_LOGGING_ENABLED
  * When this define evaluates to true (default), logger factory functions will
@@ -60,6 +62,18 @@ RCLCPP_PUBLIC
 Logger
 get_logger(const std::string & name);
 
+/// Return a named logger using an rcl_node_t.
+/**
+ * This is a convenience function that does error checking and returns the node
+ * logger name, or "rclcpp" if it is unable to get the node name.
+ *
+ * \param[in] node the rcl node from which to get the logger name
+ * \return a logger based on the node name, or "rclcpp" if there's an error
+ */
+RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+Logger
+get_node_logger(const rcl_node_t * node);
+
 class Logger
 {
 private:

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/memory_strategy.hpp

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "rclcpp/macros.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_base_interface.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/visibility_control.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/waitable.hpp"
 
 namespace rclcpp
 {
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ public:
   virtual size_t number_of_ready_clients() const = 0;
   virtual size_t number_of_ready_timers() const = 0;
   virtual size_t number_of_guard_conditions() const = 0;
+  virtual size_t number_of_waitables() const = 0;
 
   virtual bool add_handles_to_wait_set(rcl_wait_set_t * wait_set) = 0;
   virtual void clear_handles() = 0;
@@ -76,6 +78,11 @@ public:
     rclcpp::executor::AnyExecutable & any_exec,
     const WeakNodeVector & weak_nodes) = 0;
 
+  virtual void
+  get_next_waitable(
+    rclcpp::executor::AnyExecutable & any_exec,
+    const WeakNodeVector & weak_nodes) = 0;
+
   virtual rcl_allocator_t
   get_allocator() = 0;
 
@@ -113,6 +120,11 @@ public:
   get_group_by_client(
     rclcpp::ClientBase::SharedPtr client,
     const WeakNodeVector & weak_nodes);
+
+  static rclcpp::callback_group::CallbackGroup::SharedPtr
+  get_group_by_waitable(
+    rclcpp::Waitable::SharedPtr waitable,
+    const WeakNodeVector & weak_nodes);
 };
 
 }  // namespace memory_strategy

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/node.hpp

@@ -41,18 +41,23 @@
 #include "rclcpp/logger.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/macros.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/message_memory_strategy.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/node_options.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_base_interface.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_clock_interface.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_graph_interface.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_logging_interface.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_parameters_interface.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_services_interface.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_time_source_interface.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_timers_interface.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_topics_interface.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_waitables_interface.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/parameter.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/publisher.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/publisher_options.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/service.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/subscription.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/subscription_options.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/subscription_traits.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/time.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/timer.hpp"
@@ -70,40 +75,24 @@ public:
   /// Create a new node with the specified name.
   /**
    * \param[in] node_name Name of the node.
-   * \param[in] namespace_ Namespace of the node.
-   * \param[in] use_intra_process_comms True to use the optimized intra-process communication
-   * pipeline to pass messages between nodes in the same process using shared memory.
+   * \param[in] options Additional options to control creation of the node.
    */
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   explicit Node(
     const std::string & node_name,
-    const std::string & namespace_ = "",
-    bool use_intra_process_comms = false);
+    const NodeOptions & options = NodeOptions());
 
-  /// Create a node based on the node name and a rclcpp::Context.
+  /// Create a new node with the specified name.
   /**
    * \param[in] node_name Name of the node.
    * \param[in] namespace_ Namespace of the node.
-   * \param[in] context The context for the node (usually represents the state of a process).
-   * \param[in] arguments Command line arguments that should apply only to this node.
-   * \param[in] initial_parameters a list of initial values for parameters on the node.
-   * This can be used to provide remapping rules that only affect one instance.
-   * \param[in] use_global_arguments False to prevent node using arguments passed to the process.
-   * \param[in] use_intra_process_comms True to use the optimized intra-process communication
-   * pipeline to pass messages between nodes in the same process using shared memory.
-   * \param[in] start_parameter_services True to setup ROS interfaces for accessing parameters
-   * in the node.
+   * \param[in] options Additional options to control creation of the node.
    */
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
-  Node(
+  explicit Node(
     const std::string & node_name,
     const std::string & namespace_,
-    rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr context,
-    const std::vector<std::string> & arguments,
-    const std::vector<Parameter> & initial_parameters,
-    bool use_global_arguments = true,
-    bool use_intra_process_comms = false,
-    bool start_parameter_services = true);
+    const NodeOptions & options = NodeOptions());
 
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   virtual ~Node();
@@ -115,11 +104,27 @@ public:
   get_name() const;
 
   /// Get the namespace of the node.
-  /** \return The namespace of the node. */
+  /**
+   * This namespace is the "node's" namespace, and therefore is not affected
+   * by any sub-namespace's that may affect entities created with this instance.
+   * Use get_effective_namespace() to get the full namespace used by entities.
+   *
+   * \sa get_sub_namespace()
+   * \sa get_effective_namespace()
+   * \return The namespace of the node.
+   */
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   const char *
   get_namespace() const;
 
+  /// Get the fully-qualified name of the node.
+  /**
+   * The fully-qualified name includes the local namespace and name of the node.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  const char *
+  get_fully_qualified_name() const;
+
   /// Get the logger of the node.
   /** \return The logger of the node. */
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
@@ -136,6 +141,24 @@ public:
   const std::vector<rclcpp::callback_group::CallbackGroup::WeakPtr> &
   get_callback_groups() const;
 
+  /// Create and return a Publisher.
+  /**
+   * \param[in] topic_name The topic for this publisher to publish on.
+   * \param[in] qos_history_depth The depth of the publisher message queue.
+   * \param[in] options Additional options for the created Publisher.
+   * \return Shared pointer to the created publisher.
+   */
+  template<
+    typename MessageT,
+    typename AllocatorT = std::allocator<void>,
+    typename PublisherT = ::rclcpp::Publisher<MessageT, AllocatorT>>
+  std::shared_ptr<PublisherT>
+  create_publisher(
+    const std::string & topic_name,
+    size_t qos_history_depth,
+    const PublisherOptionsWithAllocator<AllocatorT> &
+    options = PublisherOptionsWithAllocator<AllocatorT>());
+
   /// Create and return a Publisher.
   /**
    * \param[in] topic_name The topic for this publisher to publish on.
@@ -146,10 +169,16 @@ public:
   template<
     typename MessageT, typename Alloc = std::allocator<void>,
     typename PublisherT = ::rclcpp::Publisher<MessageT, Alloc>>
+  // cppcheck-suppress syntaxError // bug in cppcheck 1.82 for [[deprecated]] on templated function
+  [[deprecated(
+    "use the create_publisher(const std::string &, size_t, const PublisherOptions<Alloc> & = "
+    "PublisherOptions<Alloc>()) signature instead")]]
   std::shared_ptr<PublisherT>
   create_publisher(
-    const std::string & topic_name, size_t qos_history_depth,
-    std::shared_ptr<Alloc> allocator = nullptr);
+    const std::string & topic_name,
+    size_t qos_history_depth,
+    std::shared_ptr<Alloc> allocator,
+    IntraProcessSetting use_intra_process_comm = IntraProcessSetting::NodeDefault);
 
   /// Create and return a Publisher.
   /**
@@ -165,7 +194,39 @@ public:
   create_publisher(
     const std::string & topic_name,
     const rmw_qos_profile_t & qos_profile = rmw_qos_profile_default,
-    std::shared_ptr<Alloc> allocator = nullptr);
+    std::shared_ptr<Alloc> allocator = nullptr,
+    IntraProcessSetting use_intra_process_comm = IntraProcessSetting::NodeDefault);
+
+  /// Create and return a Subscription.
+  /**
+   * \param[in] topic_name The topic to subscribe on.
+   * \param[in] callback The user-defined callback function to receive a message
+   * \param[in] qos_history_depth The depth of the subscription's incoming message queue.
+   * \param[in] options Additional options for the creation of the Subscription.
+   * \param[in] msg_mem_strat The message memory strategy to use for allocating messages.
+   * \return Shared pointer to the created subscription.
+   */
+  /* TODO(jacquelinekay):
+     Windows build breaks when static member function passed as default
+     argument to msg_mem_strat, nullptr is a workaround.
+   */
+  template<
+    typename MessageT,
+    typename CallbackT,
+    typename AllocatorT = std::allocator<void>,
+    typename SubscriptionT = rclcpp::Subscription<
+      typename rclcpp::subscription_traits::has_message_type<CallbackT>::type, AllocatorT>>
+  std::shared_ptr<SubscriptionT>
+  create_subscription(
+    const std::string & topic_name,
+    CallbackT && callback,
+    size_t qos_history_depth,
+    const SubscriptionOptionsWithAllocator<AllocatorT> &
+    options = SubscriptionOptionsWithAllocator<AllocatorT>(),
+    typename rclcpp::message_memory_strategy::MessageMemoryStrategy<
+      typename rclcpp::subscription_traits::has_message_type<CallbackT>::type, AllocatorT
+    >::SharedPtr
+    msg_mem_strat = nullptr);
 
   /// Create and return a Subscription.
   /**
@@ -198,7 +259,8 @@ public:
     typename rclcpp::message_memory_strategy::MessageMemoryStrategy<
       typename rclcpp::subscription_traits::has_message_type<CallbackT>::type, Alloc>::SharedPtr
     msg_mem_strat = nullptr,
-    std::shared_ptr<Alloc> allocator = nullptr);
+    std::shared_ptr<Alloc> allocator = nullptr,
+    IntraProcessSetting use_intra_process_comm = IntraProcessSetting::NodeDefault);
 
   /// Create and return a Subscription.
   /**
@@ -221,17 +283,21 @@ public:
     typename Alloc = std::allocator<void>,
     typename SubscriptionT = rclcpp::Subscription<
       typename rclcpp::subscription_traits::has_message_type<CallbackT>::type, Alloc>>
+  [[deprecated(
+    "use the create_subscription(const std::string &, CallbackT &&, size_t, "
+    "const SubscriptionOptions<Alloc> & = SubscriptionOptions<Alloc>(), ...) signature instead")]]
   std::shared_ptr<SubscriptionT>
   create_subscription(
     const std::string & topic_name,
     CallbackT && callback,
     size_t qos_history_depth,
-    rclcpp::callback_group::CallbackGroup::SharedPtr group = nullptr,
+    rclcpp::callback_group::CallbackGroup::SharedPtr group,
     bool ignore_local_publications = false,
     typename rclcpp::message_memory_strategy::MessageMemoryStrategy<
       typename rclcpp::subscription_traits::has_message_type<CallbackT>::type, Alloc>::SharedPtr
     msg_mem_strat = nullptr,
-    std::shared_ptr<Alloc> allocator = nullptr);
+    std::shared_ptr<Alloc> allocator = nullptr,
+    IntraProcessSetting use_intra_process_comm = IntraProcessSetting::NodeDefault);
 
   /// Create a timer.
   /**
@@ -239,10 +305,10 @@ public:
    * \param[in] callback User-defined callback function.
    * \param[in] group Callback group to execute this timer's callback in.
    */
-  template<typename DurationT = std::milli, typename CallbackT>
+  template<typename DurationRepT = int64_t, typename DurationT = std::milli, typename CallbackT>
   typename rclcpp::WallTimer<CallbackT>::SharedPtr
   create_wall_timer(
-    std::chrono::duration<int64_t, DurationT> period,
+    std::chrono::duration<DurationRepT, DurationT> period,
     CallbackT callback,
     rclcpp::callback_group::CallbackGroup::SharedPtr group = nullptr);
 
@@ -277,6 +343,20 @@ public:
     const std::string & name,
     const ParameterT & value);
 
+  /// Set a map of parameters with the same prefix.
+  /**
+   * For each key in the map, a parameter with a name of "name.key" will be set
+   * to the value in the map.
+   *
+   * \param[in] name The prefix of the parameters to set.
+   * \param[in] values The parameters to set in the given prefix.
+   */
+  template<typename MapValueT>
+  void
+  set_parameters_if_not_set(
+    const std::string & name,
+    const std::map<std::string, MapValueT> & values);
+
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   std::vector<rclcpp::Parameter>
   get_parameters(const std::vector<std::string> & names) const;
@@ -303,6 +383,24 @@ public:
   bool
   get_parameter(const std::string & name, ParameterT & parameter) const;
 
+  /// Assign the value of the map parameter if set into the values argument.
+  /**
+   * Parameter names that are part of a map are of the form "name.member".
+   * This API gets all parameters that begin with "name", storing them into the
+   * map with the name of the parameter and their value.
+   * If there are no members in the named map, then the "values" argument is not changed.
+   *
+   * \param[in] name The prefix of the parameters to get.
+   * \param[out] values The map of output values, with one std::string,MapValueT
+   *                    per parameter.
+   * \returns true if values was changed, false otherwise
+   */
+  template<typename MapValueT>
+  bool
+  get_parameters(
+    const std::string & name,
+    std::map<std::string, MapValueT> & values) const;
+
   /// Get the parameter value, or the "alternative value" if not set, and assign it to "value".
   /**
    * If the parameter was not set, then the "value" argument is assigned
@@ -427,6 +525,11 @@ public:
   rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeGraphInterface::SharedPtr
   get_node_graph_interface();
 
+  /// Return the Node's internal NodeLoggingInterface implementation.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeLoggingInterface::SharedPtr
+  get_node_logging_interface();
+
   /// Return the Node's internal NodeTimersInterface implementation.
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTimersInterface::SharedPtr
@@ -442,11 +545,137 @@ public:
   rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeServicesInterface::SharedPtr
   get_node_services_interface();
 
+  /// Return the Node's internal NodeWaitablesInterface implementation.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeWaitablesInterface::SharedPtr
+  get_node_waitables_interface();
+
   /// Return the Node's internal NodeParametersInterface implementation.
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeParametersInterface::SharedPtr
   get_node_parameters_interface();
 
+  /// Return the Node's internal NodeParametersInterface implementation.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTimeSourceInterface::SharedPtr
+  get_node_time_source_interface();
+
+  /// Return the sub-namespace, if this is a sub-node, otherwise an empty string.
+  /**
+   * The returned sub-namespace is either the accumulated sub-namespaces which
+   * were given to one-to-many create_sub_node() calls, or an empty string if
+   * this is an original node instance, i.e. not a sub-node.
+   *
+   * For example, consider:
+   *
+   *   auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "my_ns");
+   *   node->get_sub_namespace();  // -> ""
+   *   auto sub_node1 = node->create_sub_node("a");
+   *   sub_node1->get_sub_namespace();  // -> "a"
+   *   auto sub_node2 = sub_node1->create_sub_node("b");
+   *   sub_node2->get_sub_namespace();  // -> "a/b"
+   *   auto sub_node3 = node->create_sub_node("foo");
+   *   sub_node3->get_sub_namespace();  // -> "foo"
+   *   node->get_sub_namespace();  // -> ""
+   *
+   * get_namespace() will return the original node namespace, and will not
+   * include the sub-namespace if one exists.
+   * To get that you need to call the get_effective_namespace() method.
+   *
+   * \sa get_namespace()
+   * \sa get_effective_namespace()
+   * \return the sub-namespace string, not including the node's original namespace
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  const std::string &
+  get_sub_namespace() const;
+
+  /// Return the effective namespace that is used when creating entities.
+  /**
+   * The returned namespace is a concatenation of the node namespace and the
+   * accumulated sub-namespaces, which is used as the namespace when creating
+   * entities which have relative names.
+   *
+   * For example, consider:
+   *
+   *   auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "my_ns");
+   *   node->get_effective_namespace();  // -> "/my_ns"
+   *   auto sub_node1 = node->create_sub_node("a");
+   *   sub_node1->get_effective_namespace();  // -> "/my_ns/a"
+   *   auto sub_node2 = sub_node1->create_sub_node("b");
+   *   sub_node2->get_effective_namespace();  // -> "/my_ns/a/b"
+   *   auto sub_node3 = node->create_sub_node("foo");
+   *   sub_node3->get_effective_namespace();  // -> "/my_ns/foo"
+   *   node->get_effective_namespace();  // -> "/my_ns"
+   *
+   * \sa get_namespace()
+   * \sa get_sub_namespace()
+   * \return the sub-namespace string, not including the node's original namespace
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  const std::string &
+  get_effective_namespace() const;
+
+  /// Create a sub-node, which will extend the namespace of all entities created with it.
+  /**
+   * A sub-node (short for subordinate node) is an instance of this class
+   * which has been created using an existing instance of this class, but which
+   * has an additional sub-namespace (short for subordinate namespace)
+   * associated with it.
+   * The sub-namespace will extend the node's namespace for the purpose of
+   * creating additional entities, such as Publishers, Subscriptions, Service
+   * Clients and Servers, and so on.
+   *
+   * By default, when an instance of this class is created using one of the
+   * public constructors, it has no sub-namespace associated with it, and
+   * therefore is not a sub-node.
+   * That "normal" node instance may, however, be used to create further
+   * instances of this class, based on the original instance, which have an
+   * additional sub-namespace associated with them.
+   * This may be done by using this method, create_sub_node().
+   *
+   * Furthermore, a sub-node may be used to create additional sub-node's, in
+   * which case the sub-namespace passed to this function will further
+   * extend the sub-namespace of the existing sub-node.
+   * See get_sub_namespace() and get_effective_namespace() for examples.
+   *
+   * Note that entities which use absolute names are not affected by any
+   * namespaces, neither the normal node namespace nor any sub-namespace.
+   * Note also that the fully qualified node name is unaffected by a
+   * sub-namespace.
+   *
+   * The sub-namespace should be relative, and an exception will be thrown if
+   * the sub-namespace is absolute, i.e. if it starts with a leading '/'.
+   *
+   * \sa get_sub_namespace()
+   * \sa get_effective_namespace()
+   * \param[in] sub_namespace sub-namespace of the sub-node.
+   * \return newly created sub-node
+   * \throws NameValidationError if the sub-namespace is absolute, i.e. starts
+   *   with a leading '/'.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  Node::SharedPtr
+  create_sub_node(const std::string & sub_namespace);
+
+  /// Return the NodeOptions used when creating this node.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  const NodeOptions &
+  get_node_options() const;
+
+protected:
+  /// Construct a sub-node, which will extend the namespace of all entities created with it.
+  /**
+   * \sa create_sub_node()
+   *
+   * \param[in] other The node from which a new sub-node is created.
+   * \param[in] sub_namespace The sub-namespace of the sub-node.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  Node(
+    const Node & other,
+    const std::string & sub_namespace);
+
 private:
   RCLCPP_DISABLE_COPY(Node)
 
@@ -460,10 +689,14 @@ private:
   rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTimersInterface::SharedPtr node_timers_;
   rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTopicsInterface::SharedPtr node_topics_;
   rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeServicesInterface::SharedPtr node_services_;
-  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeParametersInterface::SharedPtr node_parameters_;
   rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeClockInterface::SharedPtr node_clock_;
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeParametersInterface::SharedPtr node_parameters_;
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTimeSourceInterface::SharedPtr node_time_source_;
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeWaitablesInterface::SharedPtr node_waitables_;
 
-  bool use_intra_process_comms_;
+  const NodeOptions node_options_;
+  const std::string sub_namespace_;
+  const std::string effective_namespace_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace rclcpp

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/node_impl.hpp

@@ -51,34 +51,140 @@
 namespace rclcpp
 {
 
+RCLCPP_LOCAL
+inline
+std::string
+extend_name_with_sub_namespace(const std::string & name, const std::string & sub_namespace)
+{
+  std::string name_with_sub_namespace(name);
+  if (sub_namespace != "" && name.front() != '/' && name.front() != '~') {
+    name_with_sub_namespace = sub_namespace + "/" + name;
+  }
+  return name_with_sub_namespace;
+}
+
+template<typename MessageT, typename AllocatorT, typename PublisherT>
+std::shared_ptr<PublisherT>
+Node::create_publisher(
+  const std::string & topic_name,
+  size_t qos_history_depth,
+  const PublisherOptionsWithAllocator<AllocatorT> & options)
+{
+  std::shared_ptr<AllocatorT> allocator = options.allocator;
+  if (!allocator) {
+    allocator = std::make_shared<AllocatorT>();
+  }
+  rmw_qos_profile_t qos_profile = options.qos_profile;
+  qos_profile.depth = qos_history_depth;
+
+  bool use_intra_process;
+  switch (options.use_intra_process_comm) {
+    case IntraProcessSetting::Enable:
+      use_intra_process = true;
+      break;
+    case IntraProcessSetting::Disable:
+      use_intra_process = false;
+      break;
+    case IntraProcessSetting::NodeDefault:
+      use_intra_process = this->get_node_options().use_intra_process_comms();
+      break;
+    default:
+      throw std::runtime_error("Unrecognized IntraProcessSetting value");
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return rclcpp::create_publisher<MessageT, AllocatorT, PublisherT>(
+    this->node_topics_.get(),
+    extend_name_with_sub_namespace(topic_name, this->get_sub_namespace()),
+    qos_profile,
+    use_intra_process,
+    allocator);
+}
+
 template<typename MessageT, typename Alloc, typename PublisherT>
 std::shared_ptr<PublisherT>
 Node::create_publisher(
   const std::string & topic_name, size_t qos_history_depth,
-  std::shared_ptr<Alloc> allocator)
+  std::shared_ptr<Alloc> allocator,
+  IntraProcessSetting use_intra_process_comm)
 {
-  if (!allocator) {
-    allocator = std::make_shared<Alloc>();
-  }
-  rmw_qos_profile_t qos = rmw_qos_profile_default;
-  qos.depth = qos_history_depth;
-  return this->create_publisher<MessageT, Alloc, PublisherT>(topic_name, qos, allocator);
+  PublisherOptionsWithAllocator<Alloc> pub_options;
+  pub_options.allocator = allocator;
+  pub_options.use_intra_process_comm = use_intra_process_comm;
+  return this->create_publisher<MessageT, Alloc, PublisherT>(
+    topic_name, qos_history_depth, pub_options);
 }
 
 template<typename MessageT, typename Alloc, typename PublisherT>
 std::shared_ptr<PublisherT>
 Node::create_publisher(
   const std::string & topic_name, const rmw_qos_profile_t & qos_profile,
-  std::shared_ptr<Alloc> allocator)
+  std::shared_ptr<Alloc> allocator, IntraProcessSetting use_intra_process_comm)
 {
+  PublisherOptionsWithAllocator<Alloc> pub_options;
+  pub_options.qos_profile = qos_profile;
+  pub_options.allocator = allocator;
+  pub_options.use_intra_process_comm = use_intra_process_comm;
+  return this->create_publisher<MessageT, Alloc, PublisherT>(
+    topic_name, qos_profile.depth, pub_options);
+}
+
+template<
+  typename MessageT,
+  typename CallbackT,
+  typename AllocatorT,
+  typename SubscriptionT>
+std::shared_ptr<SubscriptionT>
+Node::create_subscription(
+  const std::string & topic_name,
+  CallbackT && callback,
+  size_t qos_history_depth,
+  const SubscriptionOptionsWithAllocator<AllocatorT> & options,
+  typename rclcpp::message_memory_strategy::MessageMemoryStrategy<
+    typename rclcpp::subscription_traits::has_message_type<CallbackT>::type, AllocatorT>::SharedPtr
+  msg_mem_strat)
+{
+  using CallbackMessageT = typename rclcpp::subscription_traits::has_message_type<CallbackT>::type;
+
+  std::shared_ptr<AllocatorT> allocator = options.allocator;
   if (!allocator) {
-    allocator = std::make_shared<Alloc>();
+    allocator = std::make_shared<AllocatorT>();
   }
-  return rclcpp::create_publisher<MessageT, Alloc, PublisherT>(
+
+  rmw_qos_profile_t qos_profile = options.qos_profile;
+  qos_profile.depth = qos_history_depth;
+
+  if (!msg_mem_strat) {
+    using rclcpp::message_memory_strategy::MessageMemoryStrategy;
+    msg_mem_strat = MessageMemoryStrategy<CallbackMessageT, AllocatorT>::create_default();
+  }
+
+  bool use_intra_process;
+  switch (options.use_intra_process_comm) {
+    case IntraProcessSetting::Enable:
+      use_intra_process = true;
+      break;
+    case IntraProcessSetting::Disable:
+      use_intra_process = false;
+      break;
+    case IntraProcessSetting::NodeDefault:
+      use_intra_process = this->get_node_options().use_intra_process_comms();
+      break;
+    default:
+      throw std::runtime_error("Unrecognized IntraProcessSetting value");
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return rclcpp::create_subscription<
+    MessageT, CallbackT, AllocatorT, CallbackMessageT, SubscriptionT>(
     this->node_topics_.get(),
-    topic_name,
+    extend_name_with_sub_namespace(topic_name, this->get_sub_namespace()),
+    std::forward<CallbackT>(callback),
     qos_profile,
-    use_intra_process_comms_,
+    options.callback_group,
+    options.ignore_local_publications,
+    use_intra_process,
+    msg_mem_strat,
     allocator);
 }
 
@@ -97,29 +203,18 @@ Node::create_subscription(
   typename rclcpp::message_memory_strategy::MessageMemoryStrategy<
     typename rclcpp::subscription_traits::has_message_type<CallbackT>::type, Alloc>::SharedPtr
   msg_mem_strat,
-  std::shared_ptr<Alloc> allocator)
+  std::shared_ptr<Alloc> allocator,
+  IntraProcessSetting use_intra_process_comm)
 {
-  using CallbackMessageT = typename rclcpp::subscription_traits::has_message_type<CallbackT>::type;
+  SubscriptionOptionsWithAllocator<Alloc> sub_options;
+  sub_options.qos_profile = qos_profile;
+  sub_options.callback_group = group;
+  sub_options.ignore_local_publications = ignore_local_publications;
+  sub_options.allocator = allocator;
+  sub_options.use_intra_process_comm = use_intra_process_comm;
 
-  if (!allocator) {
-    allocator = std::make_shared<Alloc>();
-  }
-
-  if (!msg_mem_strat) {
-    using rclcpp::message_memory_strategy::MessageMemoryStrategy;
-    msg_mem_strat = MessageMemoryStrategy<CallbackMessageT, Alloc>::create_default();
-  }
-
-  return rclcpp::create_subscription<MessageT, CallbackT, Alloc, CallbackMessageT, SubscriptionT>(
-    this->node_topics_.get(),
-    topic_name,
-    std::forward<CallbackT>(callback),
-    qos_profile,
-    group,
-    ignore_local_publications,
-    use_intra_process_comms_,
-    msg_mem_strat,
-    allocator);
+  return this->create_subscription<MessageT, CallbackT, Alloc, SubscriptionT>(
+    topic_name, std::forward<CallbackT>(callback), qos_profile.depth, sub_options, msg_mem_strat);
 }
 
 template<
@@ -137,30 +232,30 @@ Node::create_subscription(
   typename rclcpp::message_memory_strategy::MessageMemoryStrategy<
     typename rclcpp::subscription_traits::has_message_type<CallbackT>::type, Alloc>::SharedPtr
   msg_mem_strat,
-  std::shared_ptr<Alloc> allocator)
+  std::shared_ptr<Alloc> allocator,
+  IntraProcessSetting use_intra_process_comm)
 {
-  rmw_qos_profile_t qos = rmw_qos_profile_default;
-  qos.depth = qos_history_depth;
-  return this->create_subscription<MessageT>(
-    topic_name,
-    std::forward<CallbackT>(callback),
-    qos,
-    group,
-    ignore_local_publications,
-    msg_mem_strat,
-    allocator);
+  SubscriptionOptionsWithAllocator<Alloc> sub_options;
+  sub_options.callback_group = group;
+  sub_options.ignore_local_publications = ignore_local_publications;
+  sub_options.allocator = allocator;
+  sub_options.use_intra_process_comm = use_intra_process_comm;
+
+  return this->create_subscription<MessageT, CallbackT, Alloc, SubscriptionT>(
+    topic_name, std::forward<CallbackT>(callback), qos_history_depth, sub_options, msg_mem_strat);
 }
 
-template<typename DurationT, typename CallbackT>
+template<typename DurationRepT, typename DurationT, typename CallbackT>
 typename rclcpp::WallTimer<CallbackT>::SharedPtr
 Node::create_wall_timer(
-  std::chrono::duration<int64_t, DurationT> period,
+  std::chrono::duration<DurationRepT, DurationT> period,
   CallbackT callback,
   rclcpp::callback_group::CallbackGroup::SharedPtr group)
 {
   auto timer = rclcpp::WallTimer<CallbackT>::make_shared(
     std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(period),
-    std::move(callback));
+    std::move(callback),
+    this->node_base_->get_context());
   node_timers_->add_timer(timer, group);
   return timer;
 }
@@ -181,7 +276,7 @@ Node::create_client(
   auto cli = Client<ServiceT>::make_shared(
     node_base_.get(),
     node_graph_,
-    service_name,
+    extend_name_with_sub_namespace(service_name, this->get_sub_namespace()),
     options);
 
   auto cli_base_ptr = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ClientBase>(cli);
@@ -198,8 +293,12 @@ Node::create_service(
   rclcpp::callback_group::CallbackGroup::SharedPtr group)
 {
   return rclcpp::create_service<ServiceT, CallbackT>(
-    node_base_, node_services_,
-    service_name, std::forward<CallbackT>(callback), qos_profile, group);
+    node_base_,
+    node_services_,
+    extend_name_with_sub_namespace(service_name, this->get_sub_namespace()),
+    std::forward<CallbackT>(callback),
+    qos_profile,
+    group);
 }
 
 template<typename CallbackT>
@@ -215,20 +314,48 @@ Node::set_parameter_if_not_set(
   const std::string & name,
   const ParameterT & value)
 {
+  std::string parameter_name_with_sub_namespace =
+    extend_name_with_sub_namespace(name, this->get_sub_namespace());
+
   rclcpp::Parameter parameter;
-  if (!this->get_parameter(name, parameter)) {
+  if (!this->get_parameter(parameter_name_with_sub_namespace, parameter)) {
     this->set_parameters({
-        rclcpp::Parameter(name, value),
+        rclcpp::Parameter(parameter_name_with_sub_namespace, value),
       });
   }
 }
 
+// this is a partially-specialized version of set_parameter_if_not_set above,
+// where our concrete type for ParameterT is std::map, but the to-be-determined
+// type is the value in the map.
+template<typename MapValueT>
+void
+Node::set_parameters_if_not_set(
+  const std::string & name,
+  const std::map<std::string, MapValueT> & values)
+{
+  std::vector<rclcpp::Parameter> params;
+
+  for (const auto & val : values) {
+    std::string param_name = name + "." + val.first;
+    rclcpp::Parameter parameter;
+    if (!this->get_parameter(param_name, parameter)) {
+      params.push_back(rclcpp::Parameter(param_name, val.second));
+    }
+  }
+
+  this->set_parameters(params);
+}
+
 template<typename ParameterT>
 bool
 Node::get_parameter(const std::string & name, ParameterT & value) const
 {
+  std::string sub_name = extend_name_with_sub_namespace(name, this->get_sub_namespace());
+
   rclcpp::Parameter parameter;
-  bool result = get_parameter(name, parameter);
+
+  bool result = get_parameter(sub_name, parameter);
   if (result) {
     value = parameter.get_value<ParameterT>();
   }
@@ -236,6 +363,26 @@ Node::get_parameter(const std::string & name, ParameterT & value) const
   return result;
 }
 
+// this is a partially-specialized version of get_parameter above,
+// where our concrete type for ParameterT is std::map, but the to-be-determined
+// type is the value in the map.
+template<typename MapValueT>
+bool
+Node::get_parameters(
+  const std::string & name,
+  std::map<std::string, MapValueT> & values) const
+{
+  std::map<std::string, rclcpp::Parameter> params;
+  bool result = node_parameters_->get_parameters_by_prefix(name, params);
+  if (result) {
+    for (const auto & param : params) {
+      values[param.first] = param.second.get_value<MapValueT>();
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
 template<typename ParameterT>
 bool
 Node::get_parameter_or(
@@ -243,7 +390,9 @@ Node::get_parameter_or(
   ParameterT & value,
   const ParameterT & alternative_value) const
 {
-  bool got_parameter = get_parameter(name, value);
+  std::string sub_name = extend_name_with_sub_namespace(name, this->get_sub_namespace());
+
+  bool got_parameter = get_parameter(sub_name, value);
   if (!got_parameter) {
     value = alternative_value;
   }
@@ -257,10 +406,12 @@ Node::get_parameter_or_set(
   ParameterT & value,
   const ParameterT & alternative_value)
 {
-  bool got_parameter = get_parameter(name, value);
+  std::string sub_name = extend_name_with_sub_namespace(name, this->get_sub_namespace());
+
+  bool got_parameter = get_parameter(sub_name, value);
   if (!got_parameter) {
     this->set_parameters({
-        rclcpp::Parameter(name, alternative_value),
+        rclcpp::Parameter(sub_name, alternative_value),
       });
     value = alternative_value;
   }

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_base.hpp

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 #include "rclcpp/context.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/macros.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/node_options.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_base_interface.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/visibility_control.hpp"
 
@@ -39,9 +40,7 @@ public:
   NodeBase(
     const std::string & node_name,
     const std::string & namespace_,
-    rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr context,
-    const std::vector<std::string> & arguments,
-    bool use_global_arguments);
+    const NodeOptions & options);
 
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   virtual
@@ -57,6 +56,11 @@ public:
   const char *
   get_namespace() const;
 
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  const char *
+  get_fully_qualified_name() const;
+
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   virtual
   rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_base_interface.hpp

@@ -38,6 +38,10 @@ class NodeBaseInterface
 public:
   RCLCPP_SMART_PTR_ALIASES_ONLY(NodeBaseInterface)
 
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  ~NodeBaseInterface() = default;
+
   /// Return the name of the node.
   /** \return The name of the node. */
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
@@ -52,6 +56,13 @@ public:
   const char *
   get_namespace() const = 0;
 
+  /// Return the fully qualified name of the node.
+  /** \return The fully qualified name of the node. */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  const char *
+  get_fully_qualified_name() const = 0;
+
   /// Return the context of the node.
   /** \return SharedPtr to the node's context. */
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_clock.hpp

@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@ public:
     rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeBaseInterface::SharedPtr node_base,
     rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTopicsInterface::SharedPtr node_topics,
     rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeGraphInterface::SharedPtr node_graph,
-    rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeServicesInterface::SharedPtr node_services);
+    rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeServicesInterface::SharedPtr node_services,
+    rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeLoggingInterface::SharedPtr node_logging);
 
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   virtual
@@ -60,9 +61,9 @@ private:
   rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTopicsInterface::SharedPtr node_topics_;
   rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeGraphInterface::SharedPtr node_graph_;
   rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeServicesInterface::SharedPtr node_services_;
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeLoggingInterface::SharedPtr node_logging_;
 
   rclcpp::Clock::SharedPtr ros_clock_;
-  rclcpp::TimeSource time_source_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace node_interfaces

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_clock_interface.hpp

@@ -31,6 +31,10 @@ class NodeClockInterface
 public:
   RCLCPP_SMART_PTR_ALIASES_ONLY(NodeClockInterface)
 
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  ~NodeClockInterface() = default;
+
   /// Get a ROS clock which will be kept up to date by the node.
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   virtual

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_graph_interface.hpp

@@ -38,6 +38,10 @@ class NodeGraphInterface
 public:
   RCLCPP_SMART_PTR_ALIASES_ONLY(NodeGraphInterface)
 
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  ~NodeGraphInterface() = default;
+
   /// Return a map of existing topic names to list of topic types.
   /**
    * A topic is considered to exist when at least one publisher or subscriber

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_logging_interface.hpp

@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@ class NodeLoggingInterface
 public:
   RCLCPP_SMART_PTR_ALIASES_ONLY(NodeLoggingInterface)
 
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  ~NodeLoggingInterface() = default;
+
   /// Return the logger of the node.
   /** \return The logger of the node. */
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_parameters.hpp

@@ -51,9 +51,12 @@ public:
     const node_interfaces::NodeBaseInterface::SharedPtr node_base,
     const node_interfaces::NodeTopicsInterface::SharedPtr node_topics,
     const node_interfaces::NodeServicesInterface::SharedPtr node_services,
+    const node_interfaces::NodeClockInterface::SharedPtr node_clock,
     const std::vector<Parameter> & initial_parameters,
     bool use_intra_process,
-    bool start_parameter_services);
+    bool start_parameter_services,
+    bool start_parameter_event_publisher,
+    const rmw_qos_profile_t & parameter_event_qos_profile);
 
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   virtual
@@ -88,6 +91,13 @@ public:
     const std::string & name,
     rclcpp::Parameter & parameter) const;
 
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  bool
+  get_parameters_by_prefix(
+    const std::string & prefix,
+    std::map<std::string, rclcpp::Parameter> & parameters) const;
+
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   virtual
   std::vector<rcl_interfaces::msg::ParameterDescriptor>
@@ -120,6 +130,10 @@ private:
   Publisher<rcl_interfaces::msg::ParameterEvent>::SharedPtr events_publisher_;
 
   std::shared_ptr<ParameterService> parameter_service_;
+
+  std::string combined_name_;
+
+  node_interfaces::NodeClockInterface::SharedPtr node_clock_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace node_interfaces

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_parameters_interface.hpp

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #ifndef RCLCPP__NODE_INTERFACES__NODE_PARAMETERS_INTERFACE_HPP_
 #define RCLCPP__NODE_INTERFACES__NODE_PARAMETERS_INTERFACE_HPP_
 
+#include <map>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -37,6 +38,10 @@ class NodeParametersInterface
 public:
   RCLCPP_SMART_PTR_ALIASES_ONLY(NodeParametersInterface)
 
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  ~NodeParametersInterface() = default;
+
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   virtual
   std::vector<rcl_interfaces::msg::SetParametersResult>
@@ -85,6 +90,20 @@ public:
     const std::string & name,
     rclcpp::Parameter & parameter) const = 0;
 
+  /// Get all parameters that have the specified prefix into the parameters map.
+  /*
+   * \param[in] prefix the name of the prefix to look for.
+   * \param[out] parameters a map of parameters that matched the prefix.
+   * \return true if any parameters with the prefix exists on the node, or
+   * \return false otherwise.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  bool
+  get_parameters_by_prefix(
+    const std::string & prefix,
+    std::map<std::string, rclcpp::Parameter> & parameters) const = 0;
+
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   virtual
   std::vector<rcl_interfaces::msg::ParameterDescriptor>

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_services_interface.hpp

@@ -32,6 +32,10 @@ class NodeServicesInterface
 public:
   RCLCPP_SMART_PTR_ALIASES_ONLY(NodeServicesInterface)
 
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  ~NodeServicesInterface() = default;
+
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   virtual
   void

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_time_source.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RCLCPP__NODE_INTERFACES__NODE_TIME_SOURCE_HPP_
+#define RCLCPP__NODE_INTERFACES__NODE_TIME_SOURCE_HPP_
+
+#include "rclcpp/callback_group.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/clock.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/macros.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_base_interface.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_clock_interface.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_parameters_interface.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_time_source_interface.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_topics_interface.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/time_source.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/visibility_control.hpp"
+
+namespace rclcpp
+{
+namespace node_interfaces
+{
+
+/// Implementation of the NodeTimeSource part of the Node API.
+class NodeTimeSource : public NodeTimeSourceInterface
+{
+public:
+  RCLCPP_SMART_PTR_ALIASES_ONLY(NodeTimeSource)
+
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  explicit NodeTimeSource(
+    rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeBaseInterface::SharedPtr node_base,
+    rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTopicsInterface::SharedPtr node_topics,
+    rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeGraphInterface::SharedPtr node_graph,
+    rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeServicesInterface::SharedPtr node_services,
+    rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeLoggingInterface::SharedPtr node_logging,
+    rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeClockInterface::SharedPtr node_clock,
+    rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeParametersInterface::SharedPtr node_parameters
+  );
+
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  ~NodeTimeSource();
+
+private:
+  RCLCPP_DISABLE_COPY(NodeTimeSource)
+
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeBaseInterface::SharedPtr node_base_;
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTopicsInterface::SharedPtr node_topics_;
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeGraphInterface::SharedPtr node_graph_;
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeServicesInterface::SharedPtr node_services_;
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeLoggingInterface::SharedPtr node_logging_;
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeClockInterface::SharedPtr node_clock_;
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeParametersInterface::SharedPtr node_parameters_;
+
+  rclcpp::TimeSource time_source_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace node_interfaces
+}  // namespace rclcpp
+
+#endif  // RCLCPP__NODE_INTERFACES__NODE_TIME_SOURCE_HPP_

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_time_source_interface.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RCLCPP__NODE_INTERFACES__NODE_TIME_SOURCE_INTERFACE_HPP_
+#define RCLCPP__NODE_INTERFACES__NODE_TIME_SOURCE_INTERFACE_HPP_
+
+#include "rclcpp/callback_group.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/clock.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/macros.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/visibility_control.hpp"
+
+namespace rclcpp
+{
+namespace node_interfaces
+{
+
+/// Pure virtual interface class for the NodeTimeSource part of the Node API.
+class NodeTimeSourceInterface
+{
+public:
+  RCLCPP_SMART_PTR_ALIASES_ONLY(NodeTimeSourceInterface)
+
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  ~NodeTimeSourceInterface() = default;
+};
+
+}  // namespace node_interfaces
+}  // namespace rclcpp
+
+#endif  // RCLCPP__NODE_INTERFACES__NODE_TIME_SOURCE_INTERFACE_HPP_

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_timers_interface.hpp

@@ -31,6 +31,10 @@ class NodeTimersInterface
 public:
   RCLCPP_SMART_PTR_ALIASES_ONLY(NodeTimersInterface)
 
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  ~NodeTimersInterface() = default;
+
   /// Add a timer to the node.
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   virtual

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_topics_interface.hpp

@@ -40,6 +40,10 @@ class NodeTopicsInterface
 public:
   RCLCPP_SMART_PTR_ALIASES_ONLY(NodeTopicsInterface)
 
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  ~NodeTopicsInterface() = default;
+
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   virtual
   rclcpp::PublisherBase::SharedPtr

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_waitables.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RCLCPP__NODE_INTERFACES__NODE_WAITABLES_HPP_
+#define RCLCPP__NODE_INTERFACES__NODE_WAITABLES_HPP_
+
+#include "rclcpp/callback_group.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/client.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/macros.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_base_interface.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_waitables_interface.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/waitable.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/visibility_control.hpp"
+
+namespace rclcpp
+{
+namespace node_interfaces
+{
+
+/// Implementation of the NodeWaitables part of the Node API.
+class NodeWaitables : public NodeWaitablesInterface
+{
+public:
+  RCLCPP_SMART_PTR_ALIASES_ONLY(NodeWaitables)
+
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  explicit NodeWaitables(rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeBaseInterface * node_base);
+
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  ~NodeWaitables();
+
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  void
+  add_waitable(
+    rclcpp::Waitable::SharedPtr waitable_base_ptr,
+    rclcpp::callback_group::CallbackGroup::SharedPtr group);
+
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  void
+  remove_waitable(
+    rclcpp::Waitable::SharedPtr waitable_ptr,
+    rclcpp::callback_group::CallbackGroup::SharedPtr group) noexcept;
+
+private:
+  RCLCPP_DISABLE_COPY(NodeWaitables)
+
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeBaseInterface * node_base_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace node_interfaces
+}  // namespace rclcpp
+
+#endif  // RCLCPP__NODE_INTERFACES__NODE_WAITABLES_HPP_

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_waitables_interface.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RCLCPP__NODE_INTERFACES__NODE_WAITABLES_INTERFACE_HPP_
+#define RCLCPP__NODE_INTERFACES__NODE_WAITABLES_INTERFACE_HPP_
+
+#include "rclcpp/callback_group.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/macros.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/visibility_control.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/waitable.hpp"
+
+namespace rclcpp
+{
+namespace node_interfaces
+{
+
+/// Pure virtual interface class for the NodeWaitables part of the Node API.
+class NodeWaitablesInterface
+{
+public:
+  RCLCPP_SMART_PTR_ALIASES_ONLY(NodeWaitablesInterface)
+
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  ~NodeWaitablesInterface() = default;
+
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  void
+  add_waitable(
+    rclcpp::Waitable::SharedPtr waitable_ptr,
+    rclcpp::callback_group::CallbackGroup::SharedPtr group) = 0;
+
+  /// \note this function should not throw because it may be called in destructors
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  void
+  remove_waitable(
+    rclcpp::Waitable::SharedPtr waitable_ptr,
+    rclcpp::callback_group::CallbackGroup::SharedPtr group) noexcept = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace node_interfaces
+}  // namespace rclcpp
+
+#endif  // RCLCPP__NODE_INTERFACES__NODE_WAITABLES_INTERFACE_HPP_

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/node_options.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+// Copyright 2019 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RCLCPP__NODE_OPTIONS_HPP_
+#define RCLCPP__NODE_OPTIONS_HPP_
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "rcl/node_options.h"
+#include "rclcpp/context.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/contexts/default_context.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/parameter.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/visibility_control.hpp"
+
+namespace rclcpp
+{
+
+/// Encapsulation of options for node initialization.
+class NodeOptions
+{
+public:
+  /// Create NodeOptions with default values, optionally specifying the allocator to use.
+  /**
+   * Default values for the node options:
+   *
+   *   - context = rclcpp::contexts::default_context::get_global_default_context()
+   *   - arguments = {}
+   *   - initial_parameters = {}
+   *   - use_global_arguments = true
+   *   - use_intra_process_comms = false
+   *   - start_parameter_services = true
+   *   - start_parameter_event_publisher = true
+   *   - parameter_event_qos_profile = rmw_qos_profile_parameter_events
+   *   - allocator = rcl_get_default_allocator()
+   *
+   * \param[in] allocator allocator to use in construction of NodeOptions.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  explicit NodeOptions(rcl_allocator_t allocator = rcl_get_default_allocator());
+
+  /// Destructor.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  ~NodeOptions() = default;
+
+  /// Copy constructor.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  NodeOptions(const NodeOptions & other);
+
+  /// Assignment operator.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  NodeOptions &
+  operator=(const NodeOptions & other);
+
+  /// Return the rcl_node_options used by the node.
+  /**
+   * This data structure is created lazily, on the first call to this function.
+   * Repeated calls will not regenerate it unless one of the input settings
+   * changed, like arguments, use_global_arguments, or the rcl allocator.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  const rcl_node_options_t *
+  get_rcl_node_options() const;
+
+  /// Return the context to be used by the node.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr
+  context() const;
+
+  /// Set the context, return this for parameter idiom.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  NodeOptions &
+  context(rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr context);
+
+  /// Return a reference to the list of arguments for the node.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  const std::vector<std::string> &
+  arguments() const;
+
+  /// Set the arguments, return this for parameter idiom.
+  /**
+   * These arguments are used to extract remappings used by the node and other
+   * settings.
+   *
+   * This will cause the internal rcl_node_options_t struct to be invalidated.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  NodeOptions &
+  arguments(const std::vector<std::string> & arguments);
+
+  /// Return a reference to the list of initial parameters.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  std::vector<rclcpp::Parameter> &
+  initial_parameters();
+
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  const std::vector<rclcpp::Parameter> &
+  initial_parameters() const;
+
+  /// Set the initial parameters, return this for parameter idiom.
+  /**
+   * These initial parameter values are used to change the initial value
+   * of declared parameters within the node, overriding hard coded default
+   * values if necessary.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  NodeOptions &
+  initial_parameters(const std::vector<rclcpp::Parameter> & initial_parameters);
+
+  /// Append a single initial parameter, parameter idiom style.
+  template<typename ParameterT>
+  NodeOptions &
+  append_initial_parameter(const std::string & name, const ParameterT & value)
+  {
+    this->initial_parameters().emplace_back(name, rclcpp::ParameterValue(value));
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  /// Return a reference to the use_global_arguments flag.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  const bool &
+  use_global_arguments() const;
+
+  /// Set the use_global_arguments flag, return this for parameter idiom.
+  /**
+   * If true this will cause the node's behavior to be influenced by "global"
+   * arguments, i.e. arguments not targeted at specific nodes, as well as the
+   * arguments targeted at the current node.
+   *
+   * This will cause the internal rcl_node_options_t struct to be invalidated.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  NodeOptions &
+  use_global_arguments(const bool & use_global_arguments);
+
+  /// Return a reference to the use_intra_process_comms flag
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  const bool &
+  use_intra_process_comms() const;
+
+  /// Set the use_intra_process_comms flag, return this for parameter idiom.
+  /**
+   * If true, messages on topics which are published and subscribed to within
+   * this context will go through a special intra-process communication code
+   * code path which can avoid serialization and deserialization, unnecessary
+   * copies, and achieve lower latencies in some cases.
+   *
+   * Defaults to false for now, as there are still some cases where it is not
+   * desirable.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  NodeOptions &
+  use_intra_process_comms(const bool & use_intra_process_comms);
+
+  /// Return a reference to the start_parameter_services flag
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  const bool &
+  start_parameter_services() const;
+
+  /// Set the start_parameter_services flag, return this for parameter idiom.
+  /**
+   * If true, ROS services are created to allow external nodes to list, get,
+   * and request to set parameters of this node.
+   *
+   * If false, parameters will still work locally, but will not be accessible
+   * remotely.
+   *
+   * \sa start_parameter_event_publisher()
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  NodeOptions &
+  start_parameter_services(const bool & start_parameter_services);
+
+  /// Return a reference to the start_parameter_event_publisher flag.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  const bool &
+  start_parameter_event_publisher() const;
+
+  /// Set the start_parameter_event_publisher flag, return this for parameter idiom.
+  /**
+   * If true, a publisher is created on which an event message is published
+   * each time a parameter's state changes.
+   * This is used for recording and introspection, but is configurable
+   * separately from the other parameter services.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  NodeOptions &
+  start_parameter_event_publisher(const bool & start_parameter_event_publisher);
+
+  /// Return a reference to the parameter_event_qos_profile QoS.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  const rmw_qos_profile_t &
+  parameter_event_qos_profile() const;
+
+  /// Set the parameter_event_qos_profile QoS, return this for parameter idiom.
+  /**
+   * The QoS settings to be used for the parameter event publisher, if enabled.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  NodeOptions &
+  parameter_event_qos_profile(const rmw_qos_profile_t & parameter_event_qos_profile);
+
+  /// Return the rcl_allocator_t to be used.
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  const rcl_allocator_t &
+  allocator() const;
+
+  /// Set the rcl_allocator_t to be used, may cause deallocation of existing rcl_node_options_t.
+  /**
+   * This will cause the internal rcl_node_options_t struct to be invalidated.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  NodeOptions &
+  allocator(rcl_allocator_t allocator);
+
+protected:
+  /// Retrieve the ROS_DOMAIN_ID environment variable and populate options.
+  size_t
+  get_domain_id_from_env() const;
+
+private:
+  // This is mutable to allow for a const accessor which lazily creates the node options instance.
+  /// Underlying rcl_node_options structure.
+  mutable std::unique_ptr<rcl_node_options_t, void (*)(rcl_node_options_t *)> node_options_;
+
+  // IMPORTANT: if any of these default values are changed, please update the
+  // documentation in this class.
+
+  rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr context_ {
+    rclcpp::contexts::default_context::get_global_default_context()};
+
+  std::vector<std::string> arguments_ {};
+
+  std::vector<rclcpp::Parameter> initial_parameters_ {};
+
+  bool use_global_arguments_ {true};
+
+  bool use_intra_process_comms_ {false};
+
+  bool start_parameter_services_ {true};
+
+  bool start_parameter_event_publisher_ {true};
+
+  rmw_qos_profile_t parameter_event_qos_profile_ {rmw_qos_profile_parameter_events};
+
+  rcl_allocator_t allocator_ {rcl_get_default_allocator()};
+};
+
+}  // namespace rclcpp
+
+#endif  // RCLCPP__NODE_OPTIONS_HPP_

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/parameter_client.hpp

@@ -138,10 +138,10 @@ public:
   bool
   service_is_ready() const;
 
-  template<typename RatioT = std::milli>
+  template<typename RepT = int64_t, typename RatioT = std::milli>
   bool
   wait_for_service(
-    std::chrono::duration<int64_t, RatioT> timeout = std::chrono::duration<int64_t, RatioT>(-1))
+    std::chrono::duration<RepT, RatioT> timeout = std::chrono::duration<RepT, RatioT>(-1))
   {
     return wait_for_service_nanoseconds(
       std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(timeout)
@@ -185,6 +185,29 @@ public:
     const std::string & remote_node_name = "",
     const rmw_qos_profile_t & qos_profile = rmw_qos_profile_parameters);
 
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  explicit SyncParametersClient(
+    rclcpp::Node * node,
+    const std::string & remote_node_name = "",
+    const rmw_qos_profile_t & qos_profile = rmw_qos_profile_parameters);
+
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  SyncParametersClient(
+    rclcpp::executor::Executor::SharedPtr executor,
+    rclcpp::Node * node,
+    const std::string & remote_node_name = "",
+    const rmw_qos_profile_t & qos_profile = rmw_qos_profile_parameters);
+
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  SyncParametersClient(
+    rclcpp::executor::Executor::SharedPtr executor,
+    const rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeBaseInterface::SharedPtr node_base_interface,
+    const rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTopicsInterface::SharedPtr node_topics_interface,
+    const rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeGraphInterface::SharedPtr node_graph_interface,
+    const rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeServicesInterface::SharedPtr node_services_interface,
+    const std::string & remote_node_name = "",
+    const rmw_qos_profile_t & qos_profile = rmw_qos_profile_parameters);
+
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   std::vector<rclcpp::Parameter>
   get_parameters(const std::vector<std::string> & parameter_names);
@@ -258,17 +281,17 @@ public:
     return async_parameters_client_->service_is_ready();
   }
 
-  template<typename RatioT = std::milli>
+  template<typename RepT = int64_t, typename RatioT = std::milli>
   bool
   wait_for_service(
-    std::chrono::duration<int64_t, RatioT> timeout = std::chrono::duration<int64_t, RatioT>(-1))
+    std::chrono::duration<RepT, RatioT> timeout = std::chrono::duration<RepT, RatioT>(-1))
   {
     return async_parameters_client_->wait_for_service(timeout);
   }
 
 private:
   rclcpp::executor::Executor::SharedPtr executor_;
-  rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr node_;
+  const rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeBaseInterface::SharedPtr node_base_interface_;
   AsyncParametersClient::SharedPtr async_parameters_client_;
 };
 

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/publisher.hpp

@@ -45,6 +45,15 @@ namespace node_interfaces
 class NodeTopicsInterface;
 }
 
+namespace intra_process_manager
+{
+/**
+ * NOTE(ivanpauno): IntraProcessManager is forward declared here, avoiding a circular inclusion between intra_process_manager.hpp and publisher.hpp.
+ * SharedPtr and WeakPtr of the IntraProcessManager are defined again here, to avoid a warning for accessing a member of a forward declared class.
+ */
+class IntraProcessManager;
+}
+
 class PublisherBase
 {
   friend ::rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTopicsInterface;
@@ -107,6 +116,32 @@ public:
   const rcl_publisher_t *
   get_publisher_handle() const;
 
+  /// Get subscription count
+  /** \return The number of subscriptions. */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  size_t
+  get_subscription_count() const;
+
+  /// Get intraprocess subscription count
+  /** \return The number of intraprocess subscriptions. */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  size_t
+  get_intra_process_subscription_count() const;
+
+  /// Get the actual QoS settings, after the defaults have been determined.
+  /**
+   * The actual configuration applied when using RMW_QOS_POLICY_*_SYSTEM_DEFAULT
+   * can only be resolved after the creation of the publisher, and it
+   * depends on the underlying rmw implementation.
+   * If the underlying setting in use can't be represented in ROS terms,
+   * it will be set to RMW_QOS_POLICY_*_UNKNOWN.
+   * May throw runtime_error when an unexpected error occurs.
+   * \return The actual qos settings.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  rmw_qos_profile_t
+  get_actual_qos() const;
+
   /// Compare this publisher to a gid.
   /**
    * Note that this function calls the next function.
@@ -128,13 +163,16 @@ public:
   operator==(const rmw_gid_t * gid) const;
 
   using StoreMessageCallbackT = std::function<uint64_t(uint64_t, void *, const std::type_info &)>;
+  using IntraProcessManagerSharedPtr =
+    std::shared_ptr<rclcpp::intra_process_manager::IntraProcessManager>;
 
   /// Implementation utility function used to setup intra process publishing after creation.
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   void
   setup_intra_process(
     uint64_t intra_process_publisher_id,
-    StoreMessageCallbackT callback,
+    StoreMessageCallbackT store_callback,
+    IntraProcessManagerSharedPtr ipm,
     const rcl_publisher_options_t & intra_process_options);
 
 protected:
@@ -143,6 +181,10 @@ protected:
   rcl_publisher_t publisher_handle_ = rcl_get_zero_initialized_publisher();
   rcl_publisher_t intra_process_publisher_handle_ = rcl_get_zero_initialized_publisher();
 
+  using IntraProcessManagerWeakPtr =
+    std::weak_ptr<rclcpp::intra_process_manager::IntraProcessManager>;
+  bool intra_process_is_enabled_;
+  IntraProcessManagerWeakPtr weak_ipm_;
   uint64_t intra_process_publisher_id_;
   StoreMessageCallbackT store_intra_process_message_;
 
@@ -188,7 +230,11 @@ public:
   virtual void
   publish(std::unique_ptr<MessageT, MessageDeleter> & msg)
   {
-    this->do_inter_process_publish(msg.get());
+    bool inter_process_subscriptions_exist =
+      get_subscription_count() > get_intra_process_subscription_count();
+    if (!intra_process_is_enabled_ || inter_process_subscriptions_exist) {
+      this->do_inter_process_publish(msg.get());
+    }
     if (store_intra_process_message_) {
       // Take the pointer from the unique_msg, release it and pass as a void *
       // to the ipm. The ipm should then capture it again as a unique_ptr of
@@ -205,6 +251,16 @@ public:
       ipm.publisher_id = intra_process_publisher_id_;
       ipm.message_sequence = message_seq;
       auto status = rcl_publish(&intra_process_publisher_handle_, &ipm);
+      if (RCL_RET_PUBLISHER_INVALID == status) {
+        rcl_reset_error();  // next call will reset error message if not context
+        if (rcl_publisher_is_valid_except_context(&intra_process_publisher_handle_)) {
+          rcl_context_t * context = rcl_publisher_get_context(&intra_process_publisher_handle_);
+          if (nullptr != context && !rcl_context_is_valid(context)) {
+            // publisher is invalid due to context being shutdown
+            return;
+          }
+        }
+      }
       if (RCL_RET_OK != status) {
         rclcpp::exceptions::throw_from_rcl_error(status, "failed to publish intra process message");
       }
@@ -305,6 +361,16 @@ protected:
   do_inter_process_publish(const MessageT * msg)
   {
     auto status = rcl_publish(&publisher_handle_, msg);
+    if (RCL_RET_PUBLISHER_INVALID == status) {
+      rcl_reset_error();  // next call will reset error message if not context
+      if (rcl_publisher_is_valid_except_context(&publisher_handle_)) {
+        rcl_context_t * context = rcl_publisher_get_context(&publisher_handle_);
+        if (nullptr != context && !rcl_context_is_valid(context)) {
+          // publisher is invalid due to context being shutdown
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
     if (RCL_RET_OK != status) {
       rclcpp::exceptions::throw_from_rcl_error(status, "failed to publish message");
     }

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/publisher_options.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Copyright 2019 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RCLCPP__PUBLISHER_OPTIONS_HPP_
+#define RCLCPP__PUBLISHER_OPTIONS_HPP_
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "rclcpp/intra_process_setting.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/visibility_control.hpp"
+
+namespace rclcpp
+{
+
+/// Structure containing optional configuration for Publishers.
+template<typename Allocator>
+struct PublisherOptionsWithAllocator
+{
+  /// The quality of service profile to pass on to the rmw implementation.
+  rmw_qos_profile_t qos_profile = rmw_qos_profile_default;
+  /// Optional custom allocator.
+  std::shared_ptr<Allocator> allocator = nullptr;
+  /// Setting to explicitly set intraprocess communications.
+  IntraProcessSetting use_intra_process_comm = IntraProcessSetting::NodeDefault;
+};
+
+using PublisherOptions = PublisherOptionsWithAllocator<std::allocator<void>>;
+
+}  // namespace rclcpp
+
+#endif  // RCLCPP__PUBLISHER_OPTIONS_HPP_

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp

@@ -151,5 +151,6 @@
 #include "rclcpp/time.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/utilities.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/visibility_control.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/waitable.hpp"
 
 #endif  // RCLCPP__RCLCPP_HPP_

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/service.hpp

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ public:
         if (handle) {
           if (rcl_service_fini(service, handle.get()) != RCL_RET_OK) {
             RCLCPP_ERROR(
-              rclcpp::get_logger(rcl_node_get_logger_name(handle.get())).get_child("rclcpp"),
+              rclcpp::get_node_logger(handle.get()).get_child("rclcpp"),
               "Error in destruction of rcl service handle: %s",
               rcl_get_error_string().str);
             rcl_reset_error();

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/strategies/allocator_memory_strategy.hpp

@@ -87,30 +87,42 @@ public:
     service_handles_.clear();
     client_handles_.clear();
     timer_handles_.clear();
+    waitable_handles_.clear();
   }
 
   virtual void remove_null_handles(rcl_wait_set_t * wait_set)
   {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < wait_set->size_of_subscriptions; ++i) {
+    // TODO(jacobperron): Check if wait set sizes are what we expect them to be?
+    //                    e.g. wait_set->size_of_clients == client_handles_.size()
+
+    // Important to use subscription_handles_.size() instead of wait set's size since
+    // there may be more subscriptions in the wait set due to Waitables added to the end.
+    // The same logic applies for other entities.
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < subscription_handles_.size(); ++i) {
       if (!wait_set->subscriptions[i]) {
         subscription_handles_[i].reset();
       }
     }
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < wait_set->size_of_services; ++i) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < service_handles_.size(); ++i) {
       if (!wait_set->services[i]) {
         service_handles_[i].reset();
       }
     }
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < wait_set->size_of_clients; ++i) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < client_handles_.size(); ++i) {
       if (!wait_set->clients[i]) {
         client_handles_[i].reset();
       }
     }
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < wait_set->size_of_timers; ++i) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < timer_handles_.size(); ++i) {
       if (!wait_set->timers[i]) {
         timer_handles_[i].reset();
       }
     }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < waitable_handles_.size(); ++i) {
+      if (!waitable_handles_[i]->is_ready(wait_set)) {
+        waitable_handles_[i].reset();
+      }
+    }
 
     subscription_handles_.erase(
       std::remove(subscription_handles_.begin(), subscription_handles_.end(), nullptr),
@@ -131,6 +143,11 @@ public:
       std::remove(timer_handles_.begin(), timer_handles_.end(), nullptr),
       timer_handles_.end()
     );
+
+    waitable_handles_.erase(
+      std::remove(waitable_handles_.begin(), waitable_handles_.end(), nullptr),
+      waitable_handles_.end()
+    );
   }
 
   bool collect_entities(const WeakNodeVector & weak_nodes)
@@ -175,6 +192,12 @@ public:
             timer_handles_.push_back(timer->get_timer_handle());
           }
         }
+        for (auto & weak_waitable : group->get_waitable_ptrs()) {
+          auto waitable = weak_waitable.lock();
+          if (waitable) {
+            waitable_handles_.push_back(waitable);
+          }
+        }
       }
     }
     return has_invalid_weak_nodes;
@@ -183,7 +206,7 @@ public:
   bool add_handles_to_wait_set(rcl_wait_set_t * wait_set)
   {
     for (auto subscription : subscription_handles_) {
-      if (rcl_wait_set_add_subscription(wait_set, subscription.get()) != RCL_RET_OK) {
+      if (rcl_wait_set_add_subscription(wait_set, subscription.get(), NULL) != RCL_RET_OK) {
         RCUTILS_LOG_ERROR_NAMED(
           "rclcpp",
           "Couldn't add subscription to wait set: %s", rcl_get_error_string().str);
@@ -192,7 +215,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     for (auto client : client_handles_) {
-      if (rcl_wait_set_add_client(wait_set, client.get()) != RCL_RET_OK) {
+      if (rcl_wait_set_add_client(wait_set, client.get(), NULL) != RCL_RET_OK) {
         RCUTILS_LOG_ERROR_NAMED(
           "rclcpp",
           "Couldn't add client to wait set: %s", rcl_get_error_string().str);
@@ -201,7 +224,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     for (auto service : service_handles_) {
-      if (rcl_wait_set_add_service(wait_set, service.get()) != RCL_RET_OK) {
+      if (rcl_wait_set_add_service(wait_set, service.get(), NULL) != RCL_RET_OK) {
         RCUTILS_LOG_ERROR_NAMED(
           "rclcpp",
           "Couldn't add service to wait set: %s", rcl_get_error_string().str);
@@ -210,7 +233,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     for (auto timer : timer_handles_) {
-      if (rcl_wait_set_add_timer(wait_set, timer.get()) != RCL_RET_OK) {
+      if (rcl_wait_set_add_timer(wait_set, timer.get(), NULL) != RCL_RET_OK) {
         RCUTILS_LOG_ERROR_NAMED(
           "rclcpp",
           "Couldn't add timer to wait set: %s", rcl_get_error_string().str);
@@ -219,7 +242,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     for (auto guard_condition : guard_conditions_) {
-      if (rcl_wait_set_add_guard_condition(wait_set, guard_condition) != RCL_RET_OK) {
+      if (rcl_wait_set_add_guard_condition(wait_set, guard_condition, NULL) != RCL_RET_OK) {
         RCUTILS_LOG_ERROR_NAMED(
           "rclcpp",
           "Couldn't add guard_condition to wait set: %s",
@@ -227,6 +250,15 @@ public:
         return false;
       }
     }
+
+    for (auto waitable : waitable_handles_) {
+      if (!waitable->add_to_wait_set(wait_set)) {
+        RCUTILS_LOG_ERROR_NAMED(
+          "rclcpp",
+          "Couldn't add waitable to wait set: %s", rcl_get_error_string().str);
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
     return true;
   }
 
@@ -342,6 +374,39 @@ public:
     }
   }
 
+  virtual void
+  get_next_waitable(executor::AnyExecutable & any_exec, const WeakNodeVector & weak_nodes)
+  {
+    auto it = waitable_handles_.begin();
+    while (it != waitable_handles_.end()) {
+      auto waitable = *it;
+      if (waitable) {
+        // Find the group for this handle and see if it can be serviced
+        auto group = get_group_by_waitable(waitable, weak_nodes);
+        if (!group) {
+          // Group was not found, meaning the waitable is not valid...
+          // Remove it from the ready list and continue looking
+          it = waitable_handles_.erase(it);
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (!group->can_be_taken_from().load()) {
+          // Group is mutually exclusive and is being used, so skip it for now
+          // Leave it to be checked next time, but continue searching
+          ++it;
+          continue;
+        }
+        // Otherwise it is safe to set and return the any_exec
+        any_exec.waitable = waitable;
+        any_exec.callback_group = group;
+        any_exec.node_base = get_node_by_group(group, weak_nodes);
+        waitable_handles_.erase(it);
+        return;
+      }
+      // Else, the waitable is no longer valid, remove it and continue
+      it = waitable_handles_.erase(it);
+    }
+  }
+
   virtual rcl_allocator_t get_allocator()
   {
     return rclcpp::allocator::get_rcl_allocator<void *, VoidAlloc>(*allocator_.get());
@@ -349,27 +414,52 @@ public:
 
   size_t number_of_ready_subscriptions() const
   {
-    return subscription_handles_.size();
+    size_t number_of_subscriptions = subscription_handles_.size();
+    for (auto waitable : waitable_handles_) {
+      number_of_subscriptions += waitable->get_number_of_ready_subscriptions();
+    }
+    return number_of_subscriptions;
   }
 
   size_t number_of_ready_services() const
   {
-    return service_handles_.size();
+    size_t number_of_services = service_handles_.size();
+    for (auto waitable : waitable_handles_) {
+      number_of_services += waitable->get_number_of_ready_services();
+    }
+    return number_of_services;
   }
 
   size_t number_of_ready_clients() const
   {
-    return client_handles_.size();
+    size_t number_of_clients = client_handles_.size();
+    for (auto waitable : waitable_handles_) {
+      number_of_clients += waitable->get_number_of_ready_clients();
+    }
+    return number_of_clients;
   }
 
   size_t number_of_guard_conditions() const
   {
-    return guard_conditions_.size();
+    size_t number_of_guard_conditions = guard_conditions_.size();
+    for (auto waitable : waitable_handles_) {
+      number_of_guard_conditions += waitable->get_number_of_ready_guard_conditions();
+    }
+    return number_of_guard_conditions;
   }
 
   size_t number_of_ready_timers() const
   {
-    return timer_handles_.size();
+    size_t number_of_timers = timer_handles_.size();
+    for (auto waitable : waitable_handles_) {
+      number_of_timers += waitable->get_number_of_ready_timers();
+    }
+    return number_of_timers;
+  }
+
+  size_t number_of_waitables() const
+  {
+    return waitable_handles_.size();
   }
 
 private:
@@ -383,6 +473,7 @@ private:
   VectorRebind<std::shared_ptr<const rcl_service_t>> service_handles_;
   VectorRebind<std::shared_ptr<const rcl_client_t>> client_handles_;
   VectorRebind<std::shared_ptr<const rcl_timer_t>> timer_handles_;
+  VectorRebind<std::shared_ptr<Waitable>> waitable_handles_;
 
   std::shared_ptr<VoidAlloc> allocator_;
 };

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/subscription.hpp

@@ -46,6 +46,15 @@ namespace node_interfaces
 class NodeTopicsInterface;
 }  // namespace node_interfaces
 
+namespace intra_process_manager
+{
+/**
+ * NOTE(ivanpauno): IntraProcessManager is forward declared here, avoiding a circular inclusion between intra_process_manager.hpp and publisher.hpp.
+ * SharedPtr and WeakPtr of the IntraProcessManager are defined again here, to avoid a warning for accessing a member of a forward declared class.
+ */
+class IntraProcessManager;
+}
+
 /// Virtual base class for subscriptions. This pattern allows us to iterate over different template
 /// specializations of Subscription, among other things.
 class SubscriptionBase
@@ -129,11 +138,23 @@ public:
   bool
   is_serialized() const;
 
+  /// Get matching publisher count
+  /** \return The number of publishers on this topic. */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  size_t
+  get_publisher_count() const;
+
 protected:
   std::shared_ptr<rcl_subscription_t> intra_process_subscription_handle_;
   std::shared_ptr<rcl_subscription_t> subscription_handle_;
   std::shared_ptr<rcl_node_t> node_handle_;
 
+  using IntraProcessManagerWeakPtr =
+    std::weak_ptr<rclcpp::intra_process_manager::IntraProcessManager>;
+  bool use_intra_process_;
+  IntraProcessManagerWeakPtr weak_ipm_;
+  uint64_t intra_process_subscription_id_;
+
 private:
   RCLCPP_DISABLE_COPY(SubscriptionBase)
 
@@ -272,10 +293,13 @@ public:
   using MatchesAnyPublishersCallbackType = std::function<bool (const rmw_gid_t *)>;
 
   /// Implemenation detail.
+  // TODO(ivanpauno): This can be moved to the base class. No reason to be here.
+  // Also get_intra_process_message_callback_ and matches_any_intra_process_publishers_.
   void setup_intra_process(
     uint64_t intra_process_subscription_id,
     GetMessageCallbackType get_message_callback,
     MatchesAnyPublishersCallbackType matches_any_publisher_callback,
+    IntraProcessManagerWeakPtr weak_ipm,
     const rcl_subscription_options_t & intra_process_options)
   {
     std::string intra_process_topic_name = std::string(get_topic_name()) + "/_intra";
@@ -302,6 +326,8 @@ public:
     intra_process_subscription_id_ = intra_process_subscription_id;
     get_intra_process_message_callback_ = get_message_callback;
     matches_any_intra_process_publishers_ = matches_any_publisher_callback;
+    weak_ipm_ = weak_ipm;
+    use_intra_process_ = true;
   }
 
   /// Implemenation detail.
@@ -323,7 +349,6 @@ private:
 
   GetMessageCallbackType get_intra_process_message_callback_;
   MatchesAnyPublishersCallbackType matches_any_intra_process_publishers_;
-  uint64_t intra_process_subscription_id_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace rclcpp

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/subscription_factory.hpp

@@ -166,6 +166,7 @@ create_subscription_factory(
         intra_process_subscription_id,
         take_intra_process_message_func,
         matches_any_publisher_func,
+        weak_ipm,
         intra_process_options
       );
     };

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/subscription_options.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Copyright 2019 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RCLCPP__SUBSCRIPTION_OPTIONS_HPP_
+#define RCLCPP__SUBSCRIPTION_OPTIONS_HPP_
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "rclcpp/intra_process_setting.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/visibility_control.hpp"
+
+namespace rclcpp
+{
+
+/// Structure containing optional configuration for Subscriptions.
+template<typename Allocator>
+struct SubscriptionOptionsWithAllocator
+{
+  /// The quality of service profile to pass on to the rmw implementation.
+  rmw_qos_profile_t qos_profile = rmw_qos_profile_default;
+  /// True to ignore local publications.
+  bool ignore_local_publications = false;
+  /// The callback group for this subscription. NULL to use the default callback group.
+  rclcpp::callback_group::CallbackGroup::SharedPtr callback_group = nullptr;
+  /// Optional custom allocator.
+  std::shared_ptr<Allocator> allocator = nullptr;
+  /// Setting to explicitly set intraprocess communications.
+  IntraProcessSetting use_intra_process_comm = IntraProcessSetting::NodeDefault;
+};
+
+using SubscriptionOptions = SubscriptionOptionsWithAllocator<std::allocator<void>>;
+
+}  // namespace rclcpp
+
+#endif  // RCLCPP__SUBSCRIPTION_OPTIONS_HPP_

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/time_source.hpp

@@ -47,10 +47,13 @@ public:
 
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   void attachNode(
-    const rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeBaseInterface::SharedPtr node_base_interface,
-    const rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTopicsInterface::SharedPtr node_topics_interface,
-    const rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeGraphInterface::SharedPtr node_graph_interface,
-    const rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeServicesInterface::SharedPtr node_services_interface);
+    rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeBaseInterface::SharedPtr node_base_interface,
+    rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTopicsInterface::SharedPtr node_topics_interface,
+    rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeGraphInterface::SharedPtr node_graph_interface,
+    rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeServicesInterface::SharedPtr node_services_interface,
+    rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeLoggingInterface::SharedPtr node_logging_interface,
+    rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeClockInterface::SharedPtr node_clock_interface,
+    rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeParametersInterface::SharedPtr node_parameters_interface);
 
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   void detachNode();
@@ -74,6 +77,12 @@ private:
   rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTopicsInterface::SharedPtr node_topics_;
   rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeGraphInterface::SharedPtr node_graph_;
   rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeServicesInterface::SharedPtr node_services_;
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeLoggingInterface::SharedPtr node_logging_;
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeClockInterface::SharedPtr node_clock_;
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeParametersInterface::SharedPtr node_parameters_;
+
+  // Store (and update on node attach) logger for logging.
+  Logger logger_;
 
   // The subscription for the clock callback
   using MessageT = rosgraph_msgs::msg::Clock;

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/timer.hpp

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <utility>
 
 #include "rclcpp/clock.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/context.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/function_traits.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/macros.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/rate.hpp"
@@ -45,7 +46,10 @@ public:
   RCLCPP_SMART_PTR_DEFINITIONS_NOT_COPYABLE(TimerBase)
 
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
-  explicit TimerBase(Clock::SharedPtr clock, std::chrono::nanoseconds period);
+  explicit TimerBase(
+    Clock::SharedPtr clock,
+    std::chrono::nanoseconds period,
+    rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr context);
 
   RCLCPP_PUBLIC
   ~TimerBase();
@@ -114,9 +118,10 @@ public:
    * \param[in] callback User-specified callback function.
    */
   explicit GenericTimer(
-    Clock::SharedPtr clock, std::chrono::nanoseconds period, FunctorT && callback
+    Clock::SharedPtr clock, std::chrono::nanoseconds period, FunctorT && callback,
+    rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr context
   )
-  : TimerBase(clock, period), callback_(std::forward<FunctorT>(callback))
+  : TimerBase(clock, period, context), callback_(std::forward<FunctorT>(callback))
   {
   }
 
@@ -128,7 +133,7 @@ public:
   }
 
   void
-  execute_callback()
+  execute_callback() override
   {
     rcl_ret_t ret = rcl_timer_call(timer_handle_.get());
     if (ret == RCL_RET_TIMER_CANCELED) {
@@ -165,8 +170,8 @@ public:
     callback_(*this);
   }
 
-  virtual bool
-  is_steady()
+  bool
+  is_steady() override
   {
     return clock_->get_clock_type() == RCL_STEADY_TIME;
   }
@@ -189,9 +194,12 @@ class WallTimer : public GenericTimer<FunctorT>
 public:
   RCLCPP_SMART_PTR_DEFINITIONS(WallTimer)
 
-  explicit WallTimer(std::chrono::nanoseconds period, FunctorT && callback)
+  WallTimer(
+    std::chrono::nanoseconds period,
+    FunctorT && callback,
+    rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr context)
   : GenericTimer<FunctorT>(
-      std::make_shared<Clock>(RCL_STEADY_TIME), period, std::move(callback))
+      std::make_shared<Clock>(RCL_STEADY_TIME), period, std::move(callback), context)
   {}
 
 protected:

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/utilities.hpp

@@ -20,11 +20,10 @@
 #include <limits>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include "rclcpp/context.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/init_options.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/visibility_control.hpp"
 
-#include "rcl/guard_condition.h"
-#include "rcl/wait.h"
-
 #include "rmw/macros.h"
 #include "rmw/rmw.h"
 
@@ -48,28 +47,75 @@ namespace rclcpp
 {
 /// Initialize communications via the rmw implementation and set up a global signal handler.
 /**
- * \param[in] argc Number of arguments.
- * \param[in] argv Argument vector. Will eventually be used for passing options to rclcpp.
+ * Initializes the global context which is accessible via the function
+ * rclcpp::contexts::default_context::get_global_default_context().
+ * Also, installs the global signal handlers with the function
+ * rclcpp::install_signal_handlers().
+ *
+ * \sa rclcpp::Context::init() for more details on arguments and possible exceptions
  */
 RCLCPP_PUBLIC
 void
-init(int argc, char const * const argv[]);
+init(int argc, char const * const argv[], const InitOptions & init_options = InitOptions());
+
+/// Install the global signal handler for rclcpp.
+/**
+ * This function should only need to be run one time per process.
+ * It is implicitly run by rclcpp::init(), and therefore this function does not
+ * need to be run manually if rclcpp::init() has already been run.
+ *
+ * The signal handler will shutdown all initialized context.
+ * It will also interrupt any blocking functions in ROS allowing them react to
+ * any changes in the state of the system (like shutdown).
+ *
+ * This function is thread-safe.
+ *
+ * \return true if signal handler was installed by this function, false if already installed.
+ */
+RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+bool
+install_signal_handlers();
+
+/// Return true if the signal handlers are installed, otherwise false.
+RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+bool
+signal_handlers_installed();
+
+/// Uninstall the global signal handler for rclcpp.
+/**
+ * This function does not necessarily need to be called, but can be used to
+ * undo what rclcpp::install_signal_handlers() or rclcpp::init() do with
+ * respect to signal handling.
+ * If you choose to use it, this function only needs to be run one time.
+ * It is implicitly run by rclcpp::shutdown(), and therefore this function does
+ * not need to be run manually if rclcpp::shutdown() has already been run.
+ *
+ * This function is thread-safe.
+ *
+ * \return true if signal handler was uninstalled by this function, false if was not installed.
+ */
+RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+bool
+uninstall_signal_handlers();
 
 /// Initialize communications via the rmw implementation and set up a global signal handler.
 /**
  * Additionally removes ROS-specific arguments from the argument vector.
- * \param[in] argc Number of arguments.
- * \param[in] argv Argument vector.
+ *
+ * \sa rclcpp::Context::init() for more details on arguments and possible exceptions
  * \returns Members of the argument vector that are not ROS arguments.
  */
 RCLCPP_PUBLIC
 std::vector<std::string>
-init_and_remove_ros_arguments(int argc, char const * const argv[]);
+init_and_remove_ros_arguments(
+  int argc,
+  char const * const argv[],
+  const InitOptions & init_options = InitOptions());
 
 /// Remove ROS-specific arguments from argument vector.
 /**
  * Some arguments may not have been intended as ROS arguments.
- * This function populates a the aruments in a vector.
+ * This function populates the arguments in a vector.
  * Since the first argument is always assumed to be a process name, the vector
  * will always contain the process name.
  *
@@ -82,65 +128,91 @@ std::vector<std::string>
 remove_ros_arguments(int argc, char const * const argv[]);
 
 /// Check rclcpp's status.
-/** \return True if SIGINT hasn't fired yet, false otherwise. */
-RCLCPP_PUBLIC
-bool
-ok();
-
-/// Returns true if init() has already been called.
-/** \return True if init() has been called, false otherwise. */
-RCLCPP_PUBLIC
-bool
-is_initialized();
-
-/// Notify the signal handler and rmw that rclcpp is shutting down.
-RCLCPP_PUBLIC
-void
-shutdown();
-
-/// Register a function to be called when shutdown is called.
-/** Calling the callbacks is the last thing shutdown() does. */
-RCLCPP_PUBLIC
-void
-on_shutdown(std::function<void(void)> callback);
-
-/// Get a handle to the rmw guard condition that manages the signal handler.
 /**
- * The first time that this function is called for a given wait set a new guard
- * condition will be created and returned; thereafter the same guard condition
- * will be returned for the same wait set. This mechanism is designed to ensure
- * that the same guard condition is not reused across wait sets (e.g., when
- * using multiple executors in the same process). Will throw an exception if
- * initialization of the guard condition fails.
- * \param wait_set Pointer to the rcl_wait_set_t that will be using the
- * resulting guard condition.
- * \return Pointer to the guard condition.
+ * This may return false for a context which has been shutdown, or for a
+ * context that was shutdown due to SIGINT being received by the rclcpp signal
+ * handler.
+ *
+ * If nullptr is given for the context, then the global context is used, i.e.
+ * the context initialized by rclcpp::init().
+ *
+ * \param[in] context Check for shutdown of this Context.
+ * \return true if shutdown has been called, false otherwise
  */
 RCLCPP_PUBLIC
-rcl_guard_condition_t *
-get_sigint_guard_condition(rcl_wait_set_t * wait_set);
+bool
+ok(rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr context = nullptr);
 
-/// Release the previously allocated guard condition that manages the signal handler.
+/// Return true if init() has already been called for the given context.
 /**
- * If you previously called get_sigint_guard_condition() for a given wait set
- * to get a sigint guard condition, then you should call release_sigint_guard_condition()
- * when you're done, to free that condition.  Will throw an exception if
- * get_sigint_guard_condition() wasn't previously called for the given wait set.
- * \param wait_set Pointer to the rcl_wait_set_t that was using the
- * resulting guard condition.
+ * If nullptr is given for the context, then the global context is used, i.e.
+ * the context initialized by rclcpp::init().
+ *
+ * Deprecated, as it is no longer different from rcl_ok().
+ *
+ * \param[in] context Check for initialization of this Context.
+ * \return true if the context is initialized, and false otherwise
+ */
+RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+bool
+is_initialized(rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr context = nullptr);
+
+/// Shutdown rclcpp context, invalidating it for derived entities.
+/**
+ * If nullptr is given for the context, then the global context is used, i.e.
+ * the context initialized by rclcpp::init().
+ *
+ * If the global context is used, then the signal handlers are also uninstalled.
+ *
+ * This will also cause the "on_shutdown" callbacks to be called.
+ *
+ * \sa rclcpp::Context::shutdown()
+ * \param[in] context to be shutdown
+ * \return true if shutdown was successful, false if context was already shutdown
+ */
+RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+bool
+shutdown(
+  rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr context = nullptr,
+  const std::string & reason = "user called rclcpp::shutdown()");
+
+/// Register a function to be called when shutdown is called on the context.
+/**
+ * If nullptr is given for the context, then the global context is used, i.e.
+ * the context initialized by rclcpp::init().
+ *
+ * These callbacks are called when the associated Context is shutdown with the
+ * Context::shutdown() method.
+ * When shutdown by the SIGINT handler, shutdown, and therefore these callbacks,
+ * is called asynchronously from the dedicated signal handling thread, at some
+ * point after the SIGINT signal is received.
+ *
+ * \sa rclcpp::Context::on_shutdown()
+ * \param[in] callback to be called when the given context is shutdown
+ * \param[in] context with which to associate the context
  */
 RCLCPP_PUBLIC
 void
-release_sigint_guard_condition(rcl_wait_set_t * wait_set);
+on_shutdown(std::function<void()> callback, rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr context = nullptr);
 
 /// Use the global condition variable to block for the specified amount of time.
 /**
+ * This function can be interrupted early if the associated context becomes
+ * invalid due to shutdown() or the signal handler.
+ * \sa rclcpp::Context::sleep_for
+ *
+ * If nullptr is given for the context, then the global context is used, i.e.
+ * the context initialized by rclcpp::init().
+ *
  * \param[in] nanoseconds A std::chrono::duration representing how long to sleep for.
- * \return True if the condition variable did not timeout.
+ * \param[in] context which may interrupt this sleep
+ * \return true if the condition variable did not timeout.
  */
 RCLCPP_PUBLIC
 bool
-sleep_for(const std::chrono::nanoseconds & nanoseconds);
+sleep_for(
+  const std::chrono::nanoseconds & nanoseconds,
+  rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr context = nullptr);
 
 /// Safely check if addition will overflow.
 /**

rclcpp/include/rclcpp/waitable.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RCLCPP__WAITABLE_HPP_
+#define RCLCPP__WAITABLE_HPP_
+
+#include "rclcpp/macros.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/visibility_control.hpp"
+
+#include "rcl/wait.h"
+
+namespace rclcpp
+{
+
+class Waitable
+{
+public:
+  RCLCPP_SMART_PTR_DEFINITIONS_NOT_COPYABLE(Waitable)
+
+  /// Get the number of ready subscriptions
+  /**
+   * Returns a value of 0 by default.
+   * This should be overridden if the Waitable contains one or more subscriptions.
+   * \return The number of subscriptions associated with the Waitable.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  size_t
+  get_number_of_ready_subscriptions();
+
+  /// Get the number of ready timers
+  /**
+   * Returns a value of 0 by default.
+   * This should be overridden if the Waitable contains one or more timers.
+   * \return The number of timers associated with the Waitable.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  size_t
+  get_number_of_ready_timers();
+
+  /// Get the number of ready clients
+  /**
+   * Returns a value of 0 by default.
+   * This should be overridden if the Waitable contains one or more clients.
+   * \return The number of clients associated with the Waitable.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  size_t
+  get_number_of_ready_clients();
+
+  /// Get the number of ready services
+  /**
+   * Returns a value of 0 by default.
+   * This should be overridden if the Waitable contains one or more services.
+   * \return The number of services associated with the Waitable.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  size_t
+  get_number_of_ready_services();
+
+  /// Get the number of ready guard_conditions
+  /**
+   * Returns a value of 0 by default.
+   * This should be overridden if the Waitable contains one or more guard_conditions.
+   * \return The number of guard_conditions associated with the Waitable.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  size_t
+  get_number_of_ready_guard_conditions();
+
+  // TODO(jacobperron): smart pointer?
+  /// Add the Waitable to a wait set.
+  /**
+   * \param[in] wait_set A handle to the wait set to add the Waitable to.
+   * \return `true` if the Waitable is added successfully, `false` otherwise.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  bool
+  add_to_wait_set(rcl_wait_set_t * wait_set) = 0;
+
+  /// Check if the Waitable is ready.
+  /**
+   * The input wait set should be the same that was used in a previously call to
+   * `add_to_wait_set()`.
+   * The wait set should also have been previously waited on with `rcl_wait()`.
+   *
+   * \param[in] wait_set A handle to the wait set the Waitable was previously added to
+   *   and that has been waited on.
+   * \return `true` if the Waitable is ready, `false` otherwise.
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  bool
+  is_ready(rcl_wait_set_t *) = 0;
+
+  /// Execute any entities of the Waitable that are ready.
+  /**
+   * Before calling this method, the Waitable should be added to a wait set,
+   * waited on, and then updated.
+   *
+   * Example usage:
+   *
+   * ```
+   * // ... create a wait set and a Waitable
+   * // Add the Waitable to the wait set
+   * bool add_ret = waitable.add_to_wait_set(wait_set);
+   * // ... error handling
+   * // Wait
+   * rcl_ret_t wait_ret = rcl_wait(wait_set);
+   * // ... error handling
+   * // Update the Waitable
+   * waitable.update(wait_set);
+   * // Execute any entities of the Waitable that may be ready
+   * waitable.execute();
+   * ```
+   */
+  RCLCPP_PUBLIC
+  virtual
+  void
+  execute() = 0;
+};  // class Waitable
+
+}  // namespace rclcpp
+
+#endif  // RCLCPP__WAITABLE_HPP_

rclcpp/package.xml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 <?xml-model href="http://download.ros.org/schema/package_format2.xsd" schematypens="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"?>
 <package format="2">
   <name>rclcpp</name>
-  <version>0.6.0</version>
+  <version>0.7.0</version>
   <description>The ROS client library in C++.</description>
   <maintainer email="dthomas@osrfoundation.org">Dirk Thomas</maintainer>
   <license>Apache License 2.0</license>

rclcpp/resource/logging.hpp.em

@@ -71,6 +71,9 @@ def is_supported_feature_combination(feature_combination):
 #else
 @[ for feature_combination in [fc for fc in feature_combinations if is_supported_feature_combination(fc)]]@
 @{suffix = get_suffix_from_features(feature_combination)}@
+// The RCLCPP_@(severity)@(suffix) macro is surrounded by do { .. } while (0)
+// to implement the standard C macro idiom to make the macro safe in all
+// contexts; see http://c-faq.com/cpp/multistmt.html for more information.
 /**
  * \def RCLCPP_@(severity)@(suffix)
  * Log a message with severity @(severity)@
@@ -90,18 +93,20 @@ def is_supported_feature_combination(feature_combination):
  * It also accepts a single argument of type std::string.
  */
 #define RCLCPP_@(severity)@(suffix)(logger, @(''.join([p + ', ' for p in get_macro_parameters(feature_combination).keys()]))...) \
-  static_assert( \
-    ::std::is_same<typename std::remove_reference<decltype(logger)>::type, \
-    typename ::rclcpp::Logger>::value, \
-    "First argument to logging macros must be an rclcpp::Logger"); \
-  RCUTILS_LOG_@(severity)@(suffix)_NAMED( \
+  do { \
+    static_assert( \
+      ::std::is_same<typename std::remove_reference<decltype(logger)>::type, \
+      typename ::rclcpp::Logger>::value, \
+      "First argument to logging macros must be an rclcpp::Logger"); \
+    RCUTILS_LOG_@(severity)@(suffix)_NAMED( \
 @{params = get_macro_parameters(feature_combination).keys()}@
 @[ if params]@
-@(''.join(['    ' + p + ', \\\n' for p in params]))@
+@(''.join(['      ' + p + ', \\\n' for p in params]))@
 @[ end if]@
-    logger.get_name(), \
-    rclcpp::get_c_string(RCLCPP_FIRST_ARG(__VA_ARGS__, "")), \
-      RCLCPP_ALL_BUT_FIRST_ARGS(__VA_ARGS__,""))
+      logger.get_name(), \
+      rclcpp::get_c_string(RCLCPP_FIRST_ARG(__VA_ARGS__, "")), \
+        RCLCPP_ALL_BUT_FIRST_ARGS(__VA_ARGS__,"")); \
+  } while (0)
 
 @[ end for]@
 #endif

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/callback_group.cpp

@@ -51,6 +51,13 @@ CallbackGroup::get_client_ptrs() const
   return client_ptrs_;
 }
 
+const std::vector<rclcpp::Waitable::WeakPtr> &
+CallbackGroup::get_waitable_ptrs() const
+{
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+  return waitable_ptrs_;
+}
+
 std::atomic_bool &
 CallbackGroup::can_be_taken_from()
 {
@@ -91,3 +98,23 @@ CallbackGroup::add_client(const rclcpp::ClientBase::SharedPtr client_ptr)
   std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
   client_ptrs_.push_back(client_ptr);
 }
+
+void
+CallbackGroup::add_waitable(const rclcpp::Waitable::SharedPtr waitable_ptr)
+{
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+  waitable_ptrs_.push_back(waitable_ptr);
+}
+
+void
+CallbackGroup::remove_waitable(const rclcpp::Waitable::SharedPtr waitable_ptr) noexcept
+{
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+  for (auto iter = waitable_ptrs_.begin(); iter != waitable_ptrs_.end(); ++iter) {
+    const auto shared_ptr = iter->lock();
+    if (shared_ptr.get() == waitable_ptr.get()) {
+      waitable_ptrs_.erase(iter);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/client.cpp

@@ -37,17 +37,20 @@ ClientBase::ClientBase(
   rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeBaseInterface * node_base,
   rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeGraphInterface::SharedPtr node_graph)
 : node_graph_(node_graph),
-  node_handle_(node_base->get_shared_rcl_node_handle())
+  node_handle_(node_base->get_shared_rcl_node_handle()),
+  context_(node_base->get_context())
 {
   std::weak_ptr<rcl_node_t> weak_node_handle(node_handle_);
-  client_handle_ = std::shared_ptr<rcl_client_t>(
-    new rcl_client_t, [weak_node_handle](rcl_client_t * client)
+  rcl_client_t * new_rcl_client = new rcl_client_t;
+  *new_rcl_client = rcl_get_zero_initialized_client();
+  client_handle_.reset(
+    new_rcl_client, [weak_node_handle](rcl_client_t * client)
     {
       auto handle = weak_node_handle.lock();
       if (handle) {
         if (rcl_client_fini(client, handle.get()) != RCL_RET_OK) {
           RCLCPP_ERROR(
-            rclcpp::get_logger(rcl_node_get_logger_name(handle.get())).get_child("rclcpp"),
+            rclcpp::get_node_logger(handle.get()).get_child("rclcpp"),
             "Error in destruction of rcl client handle: %s", rcl_get_error_string().str);
           rcl_reset_error();
         }
@@ -59,7 +62,6 @@ ClientBase::ClientBase(
       }
       delete client;
     });
-  *client_handle_.get() = rcl_get_zero_initialized_client();
 }
 
 ClientBase::~ClientBase()
@@ -94,6 +96,13 @@ ClientBase::service_is_ready() const
     this->get_rcl_node_handle(),
     this->get_client_handle().get(),
     &is_ready);
+  if (RCL_RET_NODE_INVALID == ret) {
+    const rcl_node_t * node_handle = this->get_rcl_node_handle();
+    if (node_handle && !rcl_context_is_valid(node_handle->context)) {
+      // context is shutdown, do a soft failure
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
   if (ret != RCL_RET_OK) {
     throw_from_rcl_error(ret, "rcl_service_server_is_available failed");
   }
@@ -109,7 +118,6 @@ ClientBase::wait_for_service_nanoseconds(std::chrono::nanoseconds timeout)
   if (!node_ptr) {
     throw InvalidNodeError();
   }
-  auto event = node_ptr->get_graph_event();
   // check to see if the server is ready immediately
   if (this->service_is_ready()) {
     return true;
@@ -118,17 +126,20 @@ ClientBase::wait_for_service_nanoseconds(std::chrono::nanoseconds timeout)
     // check was non-blocking, return immediately
     return false;
   }
+  auto event = node_ptr->get_graph_event();
   // update the time even on the first loop to account for time spent in the first call
   // to this->server_is_ready()
-  std::chrono::nanoseconds time_to_wait = timeout - (std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start);
-  if (timeout > std::chrono::nanoseconds(0) && time_to_wait < std::chrono::nanoseconds(0)) {
+  std::chrono::nanoseconds time_to_wait =
+    timeout > std::chrono::nanoseconds(0) ?
+    timeout - (std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start) :
+    std::chrono::nanoseconds::max();
+  if (time_to_wait < std::chrono::nanoseconds(0)) {
     // Do not allow the time_to_wait to become negative when timeout was originally positive.
     // Setting time_to_wait to 0 will allow one non-blocking wait because of the do-while.
     time_to_wait = std::chrono::nanoseconds(0);
   }
-  // continue forever if timeout is negative, otherwise continue until out of time_to_wait
   do {
-    if (!rclcpp::ok()) {
+    if (!rclcpp::ok(this->context_)) {
       return false;
     }
     // Limit each wait to 100ms to workaround an issue specific to the Connext RMW implementation.
@@ -147,8 +158,11 @@ ClientBase::wait_for_service_nanoseconds(std::chrono::nanoseconds timeout)
       return true;
     }
     // server is not ready, loop if there is time left
-    time_to_wait = timeout - (std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start);
-  } while (time_to_wait > std::chrono::nanoseconds(0) || timeout < std::chrono::nanoseconds(0));
+    if (timeout > std::chrono::nanoseconds(0)) {
+      time_to_wait = timeout - (std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start);
+    }
+    // if timeout is negative, time_to_wait will never reach zero
+  } while (time_to_wait > std::chrono::nanoseconds(0));
   return false;  // timeout exceeded while waiting for the server to be ready
 }
 

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/clock.cpp

@@ -130,10 +130,15 @@ Clock::create_jump_callback(
       rclcpp::Clock::on_time_jump, handler);
   if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
     delete handler;
-    handler = NULL;
+    handler = nullptr;
     rclcpp::exceptions::throw_from_rcl_error(ret, "Failed to add time jump callback");
   }
 
+  if (nullptr == handler) {
+    // imposible to reach here; added to make cppcheck happy
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
   // *INDENT-OFF*
   // create shared_ptr that removes the callback automatically when all copies are destructed
   return rclcpp::JumpHandler::SharedPtr(handler, [this](rclcpp::JumpHandler * handler) noexcept {

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/context.cpp

@@ -14,6 +14,296 @@
 
 #include "rclcpp/context.hpp"
 
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "rcl/init.h"
+#include "rclcpp/exceptions.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/logging.hpp"
+#include "rmw/impl/cpp/demangle.hpp"
+
+/// Mutex to protect initialized contexts.
+static std::mutex g_contexts_mutex;
+/// Weak list of context to be shutdown by the signal handler.
+static std::vector<std::weak_ptr<rclcpp::Context>> g_contexts;
+
 using rclcpp::Context;
 
-Context::Context() {}
+Context::Context()
+: rcl_context_(nullptr), shutdown_reason_("") {}
+
+Context::~Context()
+{
+  // acquire the init lock to prevent race conditions with init and shutdown
+  // this will not prevent errors, but will maybe make them easier to reproduce
+  std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(init_mutex_);
+  try {
+    this->shutdown("context destructor was called while still not shutdown");
+    // at this point it is shutdown and cannot reinit
+    // clean_up will finalize the rcl context
+    this->clean_up();
+  } catch (const std::exception & exc) {
+    RCLCPP_ERROR(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "unhandled exception in ~Context(): %s", exc.what());
+  } catch (...) {
+    RCLCPP_ERROR(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "unhandled exception in ~Context()");
+  }
+}
+
+RCLCPP_LOCAL
+void
+__delete_context(rcl_context_t * context)
+{
+  if (context) {
+    if (rcl_context_is_valid(context)) {
+      RCLCPP_ERROR(
+        rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"), "rcl context unexpectedly not shutdown during cleanup");
+    } else {
+      // if context pointer is not null and is shutdown, then it's ready for fini
+      rcl_ret_t ret = rcl_context_fini(context);
+      if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
+        RCLCPP_ERROR(
+          rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"),
+          "failed to finalize context: %s", rcl_get_error_string().str);
+        rcl_reset_error();
+      }
+    }
+    delete context;
+  }
+}
+
+void
+Context::init(
+  int argc,
+  char const * const argv[],
+  const rclcpp::InitOptions & init_options)
+{
+  std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> init_lock(init_mutex_);
+  if (this->is_valid()) {
+    throw rclcpp::ContextAlreadyInitialized();
+  }
+  this->clean_up();
+  rcl_context_.reset(new rcl_context_t, __delete_context);
+  *rcl_context_.get() = rcl_get_zero_initialized_context();
+  rcl_ret_t ret = rcl_init(argc, argv, init_options.get_rcl_init_options(), rcl_context_.get());
+  if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
+    rcl_context_.reset();
+    rclcpp::exceptions::throw_from_rcl_error(ret, "failed to initialize rcl");
+  }
+  init_options_ = init_options;
+
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_contexts_mutex);
+  g_contexts.push_back(this->shared_from_this());
+}
+
+bool
+Context::is_valid() const
+{
+  // Take a local copy of the shared pointer to avoid it getting nulled under our feet.
+  auto local_rcl_context = rcl_context_;
+  if (!local_rcl_context) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return rcl_context_is_valid(local_rcl_context.get());
+}
+
+const rclcpp::InitOptions &
+Context::get_init_options() const
+{
+  return init_options_;
+}
+
+rclcpp::InitOptions
+Context::get_init_options()
+{
+  return init_options_;
+}
+
+std::string
+Context::shutdown_reason()
+{
+  std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(init_mutex_);
+  return shutdown_reason_;
+}
+
+bool
+Context::shutdown(const std::string & reason)
+{
+  // prevent races
+  std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> init_lock(init_mutex_);
+  // ensure validity
+  if (!this->is_valid()) {
+    // if it is not valid, then it cannot be shutdown
+    return false;
+  }
+  // rcl shutdown
+  rcl_ret_t ret = rcl_shutdown(rcl_context_.get());
+  if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
+    rclcpp::exceptions::throw_from_rcl_error(ret);
+  }
+  // set shutdown reason
+  shutdown_reason_ = reason;
+  // call each shutdown callback
+  for (const auto & callback : on_shutdown_callbacks_) {
+    callback();
+  }
+  // interrupt all blocking sleep_for() and all blocking executors or wait sets
+  this->interrupt_all_sleep_for();
+  this->interrupt_all_wait_sets();
+  // remove self from the global contexts
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> context_lock(g_contexts_mutex);
+  for (auto it = g_contexts.begin(); it != g_contexts.end(); ) {
+    auto shared_context = it->lock();
+    if (shared_context.get() == this) {
+      it = g_contexts.erase(it);
+      break;
+    } else {
+      ++it;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+rclcpp::Context::OnShutdownCallback
+Context::on_shutdown(OnShutdownCallback callback)
+{
+  on_shutdown_callbacks_.push_back(callback);
+  return callback;
+}
+
+const std::vector<rclcpp::Context::OnShutdownCallback> &
+Context::get_on_shutdown_callbacks() const
+{
+  return on_shutdown_callbacks_;
+}
+
+std::vector<rclcpp::Context::OnShutdownCallback> &
+Context::get_on_shutdown_callbacks()
+{
+  return on_shutdown_callbacks_;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<rcl_context_t>
+Context::get_rcl_context()
+{
+  return rcl_context_;
+}
+
+bool
+Context::sleep_for(const std::chrono::nanoseconds & nanoseconds)
+{
+  std::chrono::nanoseconds time_left = nanoseconds;
+  {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(interrupt_mutex_);
+    auto start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+    // this will release the lock while waiting
+    interrupt_condition_variable_.wait_for(lock, nanoseconds);
+    time_left -= std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start;
+  }
+  if (time_left > std::chrono::nanoseconds::zero() && this->is_valid()) {
+    return sleep_for(time_left);
+  }
+  // Return true if the timeout elapsed successfully, otherwise false.
+  return this->is_valid();
+}
+
+void
+Context::interrupt_all_sleep_for()
+{
+  interrupt_condition_variable_.notify_all();
+}
+
+rcl_guard_condition_t *
+Context::get_interrupt_guard_condition(rcl_wait_set_t * wait_set)
+{
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(interrupt_guard_cond_handles_mutex_);
+  auto kv = interrupt_guard_cond_handles_.find(wait_set);
+  if (kv != interrupt_guard_cond_handles_.end()) {
+    return &kv->second;
+  } else {
+    rcl_guard_condition_t handle = rcl_get_zero_initialized_guard_condition();
+    rcl_guard_condition_options_t options = rcl_guard_condition_get_default_options();
+    auto ret = rcl_guard_condition_init(&handle, this->get_rcl_context().get(), options);
+    if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
+      rclcpp::exceptions::throw_from_rcl_error(ret, "Couldn't initialize guard condition");
+    }
+    interrupt_guard_cond_handles_.emplace(wait_set, handle);
+    return &interrupt_guard_cond_handles_[wait_set];
+  }
+}
+
+void
+Context::release_interrupt_guard_condition(rcl_wait_set_t * wait_set)
+{
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(interrupt_guard_cond_handles_mutex_);
+  auto kv = interrupt_guard_cond_handles_.find(wait_set);
+  if (kv != interrupt_guard_cond_handles_.end()) {
+    rcl_ret_t ret = rcl_guard_condition_fini(&kv->second);
+    if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
+      rclcpp::exceptions::throw_from_rcl_error(ret, "Failed to destroy sigint guard condition");
+    }
+    interrupt_guard_cond_handles_.erase(kv);
+  } else {
+    throw std::runtime_error("Tried to release sigint guard condition for nonexistent wait set");
+  }
+}
+
+void
+Context::release_interrupt_guard_condition(
+  rcl_wait_set_t * wait_set,
+  const std::nothrow_t &) noexcept
+{
+  try {
+    this->release_interrupt_guard_condition(wait_set);
+  } catch (const std::exception & exc) {
+    RCLCPP_ERROR(
+      rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"),
+      "caught %s exception when releasing interrupt guard condition: %s",
+      rmw::impl::cpp::demangle(exc).c_str(), exc.what());
+  } catch (...) {
+    RCLCPP_ERROR(
+      rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"),
+      "caught unknown exception when releasing interrupt guard condition");
+  }
+}
+
+void
+Context::interrupt_all_wait_sets()
+{
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(interrupt_guard_cond_handles_mutex_);
+  for (auto & kv : interrupt_guard_cond_handles_) {
+    rcl_ret_t status = rcl_trigger_guard_condition(&(kv.second));
+    if (status != RCL_RET_OK) {
+      RCUTILS_LOG_ERROR_NAMED(
+        "rclcpp",
+        "failed to trigger guard condition in Context::interrupt_all_wait_sets(): %s",
+        rcl_get_error_string().str);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void
+Context::clean_up()
+{
+  shutdown_reason_ = "";
+  rcl_context_.reset();
+}
+
+std::vector<Context::SharedPtr>
+rclcpp::get_contexts()
+{
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_contexts_mutex);
+  std::vector<Context::SharedPtr> shared_contexts;
+  for (auto it = g_contexts.begin(); it != g_contexts.end(); /* noop */) {
+    auto context_ptr = it->lock();
+    if (!context_ptr) {
+      // remove invalid weak context pointers
+      it = g_contexts.erase(it);
+    } else {
+      ++it;
+      shared_contexts.push_back(context_ptr);
+    }
+  }
+  return shared_contexts;
+}

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/executor.cpp

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 
 #include "rcutils/logging_macros.h"
 
+using rclcpp::exceptions::throw_from_rcl_error;
 using rclcpp::executor::AnyExecutable;
 using rclcpp::executor::Executor;
 using rclcpp::executor::ExecutorArgs;
@@ -40,27 +41,27 @@ Executor::Executor(const ExecutorArgs & args)
   memory_strategy_(args.memory_strategy)
 {
   rcl_guard_condition_options_t guard_condition_options = rcl_guard_condition_get_default_options();
-  if (rcl_guard_condition_init(
-      &interrupt_guard_condition_, guard_condition_options) != RCL_RET_OK)
-  {
-    throw std::runtime_error(
-            std::string("Failed to create interrupt guard condition in Executor constructor: ") +
-            rcl_get_error_string().str);
+  rcl_ret_t ret = rcl_guard_condition_init(
+    &interrupt_guard_condition_, args.context->get_rcl_context().get(), guard_condition_options);
+  if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
+    throw_from_rcl_error(ret, "Failed to create interrupt guard condition in Executor constructor");
   }
 
   // The number of guard conditions is always at least 2: 1 for the ctrl-c guard cond,
   // and one for the executor's guard cond (interrupt_guard_condition_)
 
   // Put the global ctrl-c guard condition in
-  memory_strategy_->add_guard_condition(rclcpp::get_sigint_guard_condition(&wait_set_));
+  memory_strategy_->add_guard_condition(args.context->get_interrupt_guard_condition(&wait_set_));
 
   // Put the executor's guard condition in
   memory_strategy_->add_guard_condition(&interrupt_guard_condition_);
   rcl_allocator_t allocator = memory_strategy_->get_allocator();
 
-  if (rcl_wait_set_init(
-      &wait_set_, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, allocator) != RCL_RET_OK)
-  {
+  // Store the context for later use.
+  context_ = args.context;
+
+  ret = rcl_wait_set_init(&wait_set_, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, context_->get_rcl_context().get(), allocator);
+  if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
     RCUTILS_LOG_ERROR_NAMED(
       "rclcpp",
       "failed to create wait set: %s", rcl_get_error_string().str);
@@ -102,9 +103,8 @@ Executor::~Executor()
     rcl_reset_error();
   }
   // Remove and release the sigint guard condition
-  memory_strategy_->remove_guard_condition(
-    rclcpp::get_sigint_guard_condition(&wait_set_));
-  rclcpp::release_sigint_guard_condition(&wait_set_);
+  memory_strategy_->remove_guard_condition(context_->get_interrupt_guard_condition(&wait_set_));
+  context_->release_interrupt_guard_condition(&wait_set_, std::nothrow);
 }
 
 void
@@ -281,6 +281,9 @@ Executor::execute_any_executable(AnyExecutable & any_exec)
   if (any_exec.client) {
     execute_client(any_exec.client);
   }
+  if (any_exec.waitable) {
+    any_exec.waitable->execute();
+  }
   // Reset the callback_group, regardless of type
   any_exec.callback_group->can_be_taken_from().store(true);
   // Wake the wait, because it may need to be recalculated or work that
@@ -427,6 +430,7 @@ Executor::wait_for_work(std::chrono::nanoseconds timeout)
     throw std::runtime_error("Couldn't clear wait set");
   }
 
+  // The size of waitables are accounted for in size of the other entities
   rcl_ret_t ret = rcl_wait_set_resize(
     &wait_set_, memory_strategy_->number_of_ready_subscriptions(),
     memory_strategy_->number_of_guard_conditions(), memory_strategy_->number_of_ready_timers(),
@@ -549,6 +553,11 @@ Executor::get_next_ready_executable(AnyExecutable & any_executable)
   if (any_executable.client) {
     return true;
   }
+  // Check the waitables to see if there are any that are ready
+  memory_strategy_->get_next_waitable(any_executable, weak_nodes_);
+  if (any_executable.waitable) {
+    return true;
+  }
   // If there is no ready executable, return a null ptr
   return false;
 }

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/executors/multi_threaded_executor.cpp

@@ -70,11 +70,11 @@ MultiThreadedExecutor::get_number_of_threads()
 void
 MultiThreadedExecutor::run(size_t)
 {
-  while (rclcpp::ok() && spinning.load()) {
+  while (rclcpp::ok(this->context_) && spinning.load()) {
     executor::AnyExecutable any_exec;
     {
       std::lock_guard<std::mutex> wait_lock(wait_mutex_);
-      if (!rclcpp::ok() || !spinning.load()) {
+      if (!rclcpp::ok(this->context_) || !spinning.load()) {
         return;
       }
       if (!get_next_executable(any_exec)) {
@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@ MultiThreadedExecutor::run(size_t)
       }
       if (any_exec.timer) {
         // Guard against multiple threads getting the same timer.
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(scheduled_timers_mutex_);
         if (scheduled_timers_.count(any_exec.timer) != 0) {
           continue;
         }
@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ MultiThreadedExecutor::run(size_t)
     execute_any_executable(any_exec);
 
     if (any_exec.timer) {
-      std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(scheduled_timers_mutex_);
+      std::lock_guard<std::mutex> wait_lock(wait_mutex_);
       auto it = scheduled_timers_.find(any_exec.timer);
       if (it != scheduled_timers_.end()) {
         scheduled_timers_.erase(it);

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/executors/single_threaded_executor.cpp

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ SingleThreadedExecutor::spin()
     throw std::runtime_error("spin() called while already spinning");
   }
   RCLCPP_SCOPE_EXIT(this->spinning.store(false); );
-  while (rclcpp::ok() && spinning.load()) {
+  while (rclcpp::ok(this->context_) && spinning.load()) {
     rclcpp::executor::AnyExecutable any_executable;
     if (get_next_executable(any_executable)) {
       execute_any_executable(any_executable);

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/graph_listener.cpp

@@ -35,22 +35,32 @@ namespace rclcpp
 namespace graph_listener
 {
 
-GraphListener::GraphListener()
-: is_started_(false), is_shutdown_(false), shutdown_guard_condition_(nullptr)
+GraphListener::GraphListener(std::shared_ptr<rclcpp::Context> parent_context)
+: parent_context_(parent_context),
+  is_started_(false),
+  is_shutdown_(false),
+  interrupt_guard_condition_context_(nullptr),
+  shutdown_guard_condition_(nullptr)
 {
+  // TODO(wjwwood): make a guard condition class in rclcpp so this can be tracked
+  //   automatically with the rcl guard condition
+  // hold on to this context to prevent it from going out of scope while this
+  // guard condition is using it.
+  interrupt_guard_condition_context_ = parent_context->get_rcl_context();
   rcl_ret_t ret = rcl_guard_condition_init(
     &interrupt_guard_condition_,
+    interrupt_guard_condition_context_.get(),
     rcl_guard_condition_get_default_options());
   if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
     throw_from_rcl_error(ret, "failed to create interrupt guard condition");
   }
 
-  shutdown_guard_condition_ = rclcpp::get_sigint_guard_condition(&wait_set_);
+  shutdown_guard_condition_ = parent_context->get_interrupt_guard_condition(&wait_set_);
 }
 
 GraphListener::~GraphListener()
 {
-  this->shutdown();
+  this->shutdown(std::nothrow);
 }
 
 void
@@ -69,6 +79,7 @@ GraphListener::start_if_not_started()
       0,  // number_of_timers
       0,  // number_of_clients
       0,  // number_of_services
+      this->parent_context_->get_rcl_context().get(),
       rcl_get_default_allocator());
     if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
       throw_from_rcl_error(ret, "failed to initialize wait set");
@@ -81,7 +92,8 @@ GraphListener::start_if_not_started()
       [weak_this]() {
         auto shared_this = weak_this.lock();
         if (shared_this) {
-          shared_this->shutdown();
+          // should not throw from on_shutdown if it can be avoided
+          shared_this->shutdown(std::nothrow);
         }
       });
     // Start the listener thread.
@@ -130,8 +142,10 @@ GraphListener::run_loop()
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> nodes_lock(node_graph_interfaces_mutex_, std::adopt_lock);
 
     // Resize the wait set if necessary.
-    if (wait_set_.size_of_guard_conditions < (node_graph_interfaces_.size() + 2)) {
-      ret = rcl_wait_set_resize(&wait_set_, 0, node_graph_interfaces_.size() + 2, 0, 0, 0);
+    const size_t node_graph_interfaces_size = node_graph_interfaces_.size();
+    // Add 2 for the interrupt and shutdown guard conditions
+    if (wait_set_.size_of_guard_conditions < (node_graph_interfaces_size + 2)) {
+      ret = rcl_wait_set_resize(&wait_set_, 0, node_graph_interfaces_size + 2, 0, 0, 0);
       if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
         throw_from_rcl_error(ret, "failed to resize wait set");
       }
@@ -142,17 +156,21 @@ GraphListener::run_loop()
       throw_from_rcl_error(ret, "failed to clear wait set");
     }
     // Put the interrupt guard condition in the wait set.
-    ret = rcl_wait_set_add_guard_condition(&wait_set_, &interrupt_guard_condition_);
+    ret = rcl_wait_set_add_guard_condition(&wait_set_, &interrupt_guard_condition_, NULL);
     if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
       throw_from_rcl_error(ret, "failed to add interrupt guard condition to wait set");
     }
     // Put the shutdown guard condition in the wait set.
-    ret = rcl_wait_set_add_guard_condition(&wait_set_, shutdown_guard_condition_);
+    size_t shutdown_guard_condition_index = 0u;
+    ret = rcl_wait_set_add_guard_condition(
+      &wait_set_, shutdown_guard_condition_, &shutdown_guard_condition_index);
     if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
       throw_from_rcl_error(ret, "failed to add shutdown guard condition to wait set");
     }
     // Put graph guard conditions for each node into the wait set.
-    for (const auto node_ptr : node_graph_interfaces_) {
+    std::vector<size_t> graph_gc_indexes(node_graph_interfaces_size, 0u);
+    for (size_t i = 0u; i < node_graph_interfaces_size; ++i) {
+      auto node_ptr = node_graph_interfaces_[i];
       // Only wait on graph changes if some user of the node is watching.
       if (node_ptr->count_graph_users() == 0) {
         continue;
@@ -162,7 +180,7 @@ GraphListener::run_loop()
       if (!graph_gc) {
         throw_from_rcl_error(RCL_RET_ERROR, "failed to get graph guard condition");
       }
-      ret = rcl_wait_set_add_guard_condition(&wait_set_, graph_gc);
+      ret = rcl_wait_set_add_guard_condition(&wait_set_, graph_gc, &graph_gc_indexes[i]);
       if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
         throw_from_rcl_error(ret, "failed to add graph guard condition to wait set");
       }
@@ -177,23 +195,18 @@ GraphListener::run_loop()
       throw_from_rcl_error(ret, "failed to wait on wait set");
     }
 
-    bool shutdown_guard_condition_triggered = false;
     // Check to see if the shutdown guard condition has been triggered.
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < wait_set_.size_of_guard_conditions; ++i) {
-      if (shutdown_guard_condition_ == wait_set_.guard_conditions[i]) {
-        shutdown_guard_condition_triggered = true;
-      }
-    }
+    bool shutdown_guard_condition_triggered =
+      (shutdown_guard_condition_ == wait_set_.guard_conditions[shutdown_guard_condition_index]);
     // Notify nodes who's guard conditions are set (triggered).
-    for (const auto node_ptr : node_graph_interfaces_) {
+    for (size_t i = 0u; i < node_graph_interfaces_size; ++i) {
+      const auto node_ptr = node_graph_interfaces_[i];
       auto graph_gc = node_ptr->get_graph_guard_condition();
       if (!graph_gc) {
         throw_from_rcl_error(RCL_RET_ERROR, "failed to get graph guard condition");
       }
-      for (size_t i = 0; i < wait_set_.size_of_guard_conditions; ++i) {
-        if (graph_gc == wait_set_.guard_conditions[i]) {
-          node_ptr->notify_graph_change();
-        }
+      if (graph_gc == wait_set_.guard_conditions[graph_gc_indexes[i]]) {
+        node_ptr->notify_graph_change();
       }
       if (shutdown_guard_condition_triggered) {
         // If shutdown, then notify the node of this as well.
@@ -327,7 +340,7 @@ GraphListener::remove_node(rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeGraphInterface * node_gr
 }
 
 void
-GraphListener::shutdown()
+GraphListener::__shutdown(bool should_throw)
 {
   std::lock_guard<std::mutex> shutdown_lock(shutdown_mutex_);
   if (!is_shutdown_.exchange(true)) {
@@ -336,11 +349,16 @@ GraphListener::shutdown()
       listener_thread_.join();
     }
     rcl_ret_t ret = rcl_guard_condition_fini(&interrupt_guard_condition_);
+    interrupt_guard_condition_context_.reset();  // release context guard condition was using
     if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
       throw_from_rcl_error(ret, "failed to finalize interrupt guard condition");
     }
     if (shutdown_guard_condition_) {
-      rclcpp::release_sigint_guard_condition(&wait_set_);
+      if (should_throw) {
+        parent_context_->release_interrupt_guard_condition(&wait_set_);
+      } else {
+        parent_context_->release_interrupt_guard_condition(&wait_set_, std::nothrow);
+      }
       shutdown_guard_condition_ = nullptr;
     }
     if (is_started_) {
@@ -352,6 +370,29 @@ GraphListener::shutdown()
   }
 }
 
+void
+GraphListener::shutdown()
+{
+  this->__shutdown(true);
+}
+
+void
+GraphListener::shutdown(const std::nothrow_t &) noexcept
+{
+  try {
+    this->__shutdown(false);
+  } catch (const std::exception & exc) {
+    RCLCPP_ERROR(
+      rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"),
+      "caught %s exception when shutting down GraphListener: %s",
+      rmw::impl::cpp::demangle(exc).c_str(), exc.what());
+  } catch (...) {
+    RCLCPP_ERROR(
+      rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"),
+      "caught unknown exception when shutting down GraphListener");
+  }
+}
+
 bool
 GraphListener::is_shutdown()
 {

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/init_options.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "rclcpp/init_options.hpp"
+
+#include "rclcpp/exceptions.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/logging.hpp"
+
+namespace rclcpp
+{
+
+InitOptions::InitOptions(rcl_allocator_t allocator)
+: init_options_(new rcl_init_options_t)
+{
+  *init_options_ = rcl_get_zero_initialized_init_options();
+  rcl_ret_t ret = rcl_init_options_init(init_options_.get(), allocator);
+  if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
+    rclcpp::exceptions::throw_from_rcl_error(ret, "failed to initialized rcl init options");
+  }
+}
+
+InitOptions::InitOptions(const rcl_init_options_t & init_options)
+: init_options_(new rcl_init_options_t)
+{
+  *init_options_ = rcl_get_zero_initialized_init_options();
+  rcl_ret_t ret = rcl_init_options_copy(&init_options, init_options_.get());
+  if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
+    rclcpp::exceptions::throw_from_rcl_error(ret, "failed to copy rcl init options");
+  }
+}
+
+InitOptions::InitOptions(const InitOptions & other)
+: InitOptions(*other.get_rcl_init_options())
+{}
+
+InitOptions &
+InitOptions::operator=(const InitOptions & other)
+{
+  if (this != &other) {
+    this->finalize_init_options();
+    rcl_ret_t ret = rcl_init_options_copy(other.get_rcl_init_options(), init_options_.get());
+    if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
+      rclcpp::exceptions::throw_from_rcl_error(ret, "failed to copy rcl init options");
+    }
+  }
+  return *this;
+}
+
+InitOptions::~InitOptions()
+{
+  this->finalize_init_options();
+}
+
+void
+InitOptions::finalize_init_options()
+{
+  if (init_options_) {
+    rcl_ret_t ret = rcl_init_options_fini(init_options_.get());
+    if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
+      RCLCPP_ERROR(
+        rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"),
+        "failed to finalize rcl init options: %s", rcl_get_error_string().str);
+      rcl_reset_error();
+    }
+    *init_options_ = rcl_get_zero_initialized_init_options();
+  }
+}
+
+const rcl_init_options_t *
+InitOptions::get_rcl_init_options() const
+{
+  return init_options_.get();
+}
+
+}  // namespace rclcpp

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/intra_process_manager.cpp

@@ -56,6 +56,12 @@ IntraProcessManager::matches_any_publishers(const rmw_gid_t * id) const
   return impl_->matches_any_publishers(id);
 }
 
+size_t
+IntraProcessManager::get_subscription_count(uint64_t intra_process_publisher_id) const
+{
+  return impl_->get_subscription_count(intra_process_publisher_id);
+}
+
 uint64_t
 IntraProcessManager::get_next_unique_id()
 {

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/logger.cpp

@@ -16,10 +16,12 @@
 
 #include "rclcpp/logger.hpp"
 
+#include "rclcpp/logging.hpp"
+
 namespace rclcpp
 {
 
-rclcpp::Logger
+Logger
 get_logger(const std::string & name)
 {
 #if RCLCPP_LOGGING_ENABLED
@@ -30,4 +32,16 @@ get_logger(const std::string & name)
 #endif
 }
 
+Logger
+get_node_logger(const rcl_node_t * node)
+{
+  const char * logger_name = rcl_node_get_logger_name(node);
+  if (nullptr == logger_name) {
+    auto logger = rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp");
+    RCLCPP_ERROR(logger, "failed to get logger name from node at address %p", node);
+    return logger;
+  }
+  return rclcpp::get_logger(logger_name);
+}
+
 }  // namespace rclcpp

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/memory_strategy.cpp

@@ -200,3 +200,29 @@ MemoryStrategy::get_group_by_client(
   }
   return nullptr;
 }
+
+rclcpp::callback_group::CallbackGroup::SharedPtr
+MemoryStrategy::get_group_by_waitable(
+  rclcpp::Waitable::SharedPtr waitable,
+  const WeakNodeVector & weak_nodes)
+{
+  for (auto & weak_node : weak_nodes) {
+    auto node = weak_node.lock();
+    if (!node) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    for (auto & weak_group : node->get_callback_groups()) {
+      auto group = weak_group.lock();
+      if (!group) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      for (auto & weak_waitable : group->get_waitable_ptrs()) {
+        auto group_waitable = weak_waitable.lock();
+        if (group_waitable && group_waitable == waitable) {
+          return group;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/node.cpp

@@ -29,61 +29,152 @@
 #include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_logging.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_parameters.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_services.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_time_source.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_timers.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_topics.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_waitables.hpp"
+
+#include "rmw/validate_namespace.h"
 
 using rclcpp::Node;
+using rclcpp::NodeOptions;
 using rclcpp::exceptions::throw_from_rcl_error;
 
+RCLCPP_LOCAL
+std::string
+extend_sub_namespace(const std::string & existing_sub_namespace, const std::string & extension)
+{
+  // Assumption is that the existing_sub_namespace does not need checking
+  // because it would be checked already when it was set with this function.
+
+  // check if the new sub-namespace extension is absolute
+  if (extension.front() == '/') {
+    throw rclcpp::exceptions::NameValidationError(
+            "sub_namespace",
+            extension.c_str(),
+            "a sub-namespace should not have a leading /",
+            0);
+  }
+
+  std::string new_sub_namespace;
+  if (existing_sub_namespace.empty()) {
+    new_sub_namespace = extension;
+  } else {
+    new_sub_namespace = existing_sub_namespace + "/" + extension;
+  }
+
+  // remove any trailing `/` so that new extensions do no result in `//`
+  if (new_sub_namespace.back() == '/') {
+    new_sub_namespace = new_sub_namespace.substr(0, new_sub_namespace.size() - 1);
+  }
+
+  return new_sub_namespace;
+}
+
+RCLCPP_LOCAL
+std::string
+create_effective_namespace(const std::string & node_namespace, const std::string & sub_namespace)
+{
+  // Assumption is that both the node_namespace and sub_namespace are conforming
+  // and do not need trimming of `/` and other things, as they were validated
+  // in other functions already.
+
+  if (node_namespace.back() == '/') {
+    // this is the special case where node_namespace is just `/`
+    return node_namespace + sub_namespace;
+  } else {
+    return node_namespace + "/" + sub_namespace;
+  }
+}
+
 Node::Node(
   const std::string & node_name,
-  const std::string & namespace_,
-  bool use_intra_process_comms)
-: Node(
-    node_name,
-    namespace_,
-    rclcpp::contexts::default_context::get_global_default_context(),
-    {},
-    {},
-    true,
-    use_intra_process_comms,
-    true)
-{}
+  const NodeOptions & options)
+: Node(node_name, "", options)
+{
+}
 
 Node::Node(
   const std::string & node_name,
   const std::string & namespace_,
-  rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr context,
-  const std::vector<std::string> & arguments,
-  const std::vector<rclcpp::Parameter> & initial_parameters,
-  bool use_global_arguments,
-  bool use_intra_process_comms,
-  bool start_parameter_services)
+  const NodeOptions & options)
 : node_base_(new rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeBase(
-      node_name, namespace_, context, arguments, use_global_arguments)),
+      node_name, namespace_, options)),
   node_graph_(new rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeGraph(node_base_.get())),
   node_logging_(new rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeLogging(node_base_.get())),
   node_timers_(new rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTimers(node_base_.get())),
   node_topics_(new rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTopics(node_base_.get())),
   node_services_(new rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeServices(node_base_.get())),
-  node_parameters_(new rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeParameters(
-      node_base_,
-      node_topics_,
-      node_services_,
-      initial_parameters,
-      use_intra_process_comms,
-      start_parameter_services
-    )),
   node_clock_(new rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeClock(
       node_base_,
       node_topics_,
       node_graph_,
-      node_services_
+      node_services_,
+      node_logging_
     )),
-  use_intra_process_comms_(use_intra_process_comms)
+  node_parameters_(new rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeParameters(
+      node_base_,
+      node_topics_,
+      node_services_,
+      node_clock_,
+      options.initial_parameters(),
+      options.use_intra_process_comms(),
+      options.start_parameter_services(),
+      options.start_parameter_event_publisher(),
+      options.parameter_event_qos_profile()
+    )),
+  node_time_source_(new rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTimeSource(
+      node_base_,
+      node_topics_,
+      node_graph_,
+      node_services_,
+      node_logging_,
+      node_clock_,
+      node_parameters_
+    )),
+  node_waitables_(new rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeWaitables(node_base_.get())),
+  node_options_(options),
+  sub_namespace_(""),
+  effective_namespace_(create_effective_namespace(this->get_namespace(), sub_namespace_))
 {
 }
 
+Node::Node(
+  const Node & other,
+  const std::string & sub_namespace)
+: node_base_(other.node_base_),
+  node_graph_(other.node_graph_),
+  node_logging_(other.node_logging_),
+  node_timers_(other.node_timers_),
+  node_topics_(other.node_topics_),
+  node_services_(other.node_services_),
+  node_clock_(other.node_clock_),
+  node_parameters_(other.node_parameters_),
+  node_options_(other.node_options_),
+  sub_namespace_(extend_sub_namespace(other.get_sub_namespace(), sub_namespace)),
+  effective_namespace_(create_effective_namespace(other.get_namespace(), sub_namespace_))
+{
+  // Validate new effective namespace.
+  int validation_result;
+  size_t invalid_index;
+  rmw_ret_t rmw_ret =
+    rmw_validate_namespace(effective_namespace_.c_str(), &validation_result, &invalid_index);
+
+  if (rmw_ret != RMW_RET_OK) {
+    if (rmw_ret == RMW_RET_INVALID_ARGUMENT) {
+      throw_from_rcl_error(RCL_RET_INVALID_ARGUMENT, "failed to validate subnode namespace");
+    }
+    throw_from_rcl_error(RCL_RET_ERROR, "failed to validate subnode namespace");
+  }
+
+  if (validation_result != RMW_NAMESPACE_VALID) {
+    throw rclcpp::exceptions::InvalidNamespaceError(
+            effective_namespace_.c_str(),
+            rmw_namespace_validation_result_string(validation_result),
+            invalid_index);
+  }
+}
+
 Node::~Node()
 {}
 
@@ -99,6 +190,12 @@ Node::get_namespace() const
   return node_base_->get_namespace();
 }
 
+const char *
+Node::get_fully_qualified_name() const
+{
+  return node_base_->get_fully_qualified_name();
+}
+
 rclcpp::Logger
 Node::get_logger() const
 {
@@ -253,6 +350,18 @@ Node::get_node_graph_interface()
   return node_graph_;
 }
 
+rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeLoggingInterface::SharedPtr
+Node::get_node_logging_interface()
+{
+  return node_logging_;
+}
+
+rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTimeSourceInterface::SharedPtr
+Node::get_node_time_source_interface()
+{
+  return node_time_source_;
+}
+
 rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTimersInterface::SharedPtr
 Node::get_node_timers_interface()
 {
@@ -276,3 +385,35 @@ Node::get_node_parameters_interface()
 {
   return node_parameters_;
 }
+
+rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeWaitablesInterface::SharedPtr
+Node::get_node_waitables_interface()
+{
+  return node_waitables_;
+}
+
+const std::string &
+Node::get_sub_namespace() const
+{
+  return this->sub_namespace_;
+}
+
+const std::string &
+Node::get_effective_namespace() const
+{
+  return this->effective_namespace_;
+}
+
+Node::SharedPtr
+Node::create_sub_node(const std::string & sub_namespace)
+{
+  // Cannot use make_shared<Node>() here as it requires the constructor to be
+  // public, and this constructor is intentionally protected instead.
+  return std::shared_ptr<Node>(new Node(*this, sub_namespace));
+}
+
+const NodeOptions &
+Node::get_node_options() const
+{
+  return this->node_options_;
+}

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_base.cpp

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
 #include "rcl/arguments.h"
 #include "rclcpp/exceptions.hpp"
 #include "rcutils/logging_macros.h"
-#include "rmw/validate_node_name.h"
 #include "rmw/validate_namespace.h"
+#include "rmw/validate_node_name.h"
 
 using rclcpp::exceptions::throw_from_rcl_error;
 
@@ -32,10 +32,8 @@ using rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeBase;
 NodeBase::NodeBase(
   const std::string & node_name,
   const std::string & namespace_,
-  rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr context,
-  const std::vector<std::string> & arguments,
-  bool use_global_arguments)
-: context_(context),
+  const rclcpp::NodeOptions & options)
+: context_(options.context()),
   node_handle_(nullptr),
   default_callback_group_(nullptr),
   associated_with_executor_(false),
@@ -43,7 +41,8 @@ NodeBase::NodeBase(
 {
   // Setup the guard condition that is notified when changes occur in the graph.
   rcl_guard_condition_options_t guard_condition_options = rcl_guard_condition_get_default_options();
-  rcl_ret_t ret = rcl_guard_condition_init(&notify_guard_condition_, guard_condition_options);
+  rcl_ret_t ret = rcl_guard_condition_init(
+    &notify_guard_condition_, options.context()->get_rcl_context().get(), guard_condition_options);
   if (ret != RCL_RET_OK) {
     throw_from_rcl_error(ret, "failed to create interrupt guard condition");
   }
@@ -58,73 +57,16 @@ NodeBase::NodeBase(
       }
     };
 
-  // Determine the domain id based on the options and the ROS_DOMAIN_ID env variable.
-  size_t domain_id = 0;
-  char * ros_domain_id = nullptr;
-  const char * env_var = "ROS_DOMAIN_ID";
-#ifndef _WIN32
-  ros_domain_id = getenv(env_var);
-#else
-  size_t ros_domain_id_size;
-  _dupenv_s(&ros_domain_id, &ros_domain_id_size, env_var);
-#endif
-  if (ros_domain_id) {
-    uint32_t number = strtoul(ros_domain_id, NULL, 0);
-    if (number == (std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max)()) {
-      // Finalize the interrupt guard condition.
-      finalize_notify_guard_condition();
-#ifdef _WIN32
-      // free the ros_domain_id before throwing, if getenv was used on Windows
-      free(ros_domain_id);
-#endif
-
-      throw std::runtime_error("failed to interpret ROS_DOMAIN_ID as integral number");
-    }
-    domain_id = static_cast<size_t>(number);
-#ifdef _WIN32
-    free(ros_domain_id);
-#endif
-  }
-
   // Create the rcl node and store it in a shared_ptr with a custom destructor.
   std::unique_ptr<rcl_node_t> rcl_node(new rcl_node_t(rcl_get_zero_initialized_node()));
 
-  rcl_node_options_t options = rcl_node_get_default_options();
-  std::unique_ptr<const char *[]> c_args;
-  if (!arguments.empty()) {
-    c_args.reset(new const char *[arguments.size()]);
-    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < arguments.size(); ++i) {
-      c_args[i] = arguments[i].c_str();
-    }
-  }
-  // TODO(sloretz) Pass an allocator to argument parsing
-  if (arguments.size() > std::numeric_limits<int>::max()) {
-    throw_from_rcl_error(RCL_RET_INVALID_ARGUMENT, "Too many args");
-  }
-  ret = rcl_parse_arguments(
-    static_cast<int>(arguments.size()), c_args.get(), rcl_get_default_allocator(),
-    &(options.arguments));
-  if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
-    finalize_notify_guard_condition();
-    throw_from_rcl_error(ret, "failed to parse arguments");
-  }
-
-  options.use_global_arguments = use_global_arguments;
-  // TODO(wjwwood): pass the Allocator to the options
-  options.domain_id = domain_id;
-
-  ret = rcl_node_init(rcl_node.get(), node_name.c_str(), namespace_.c_str(), &options);
+  ret = rcl_node_init(
+    rcl_node.get(),
+    node_name.c_str(), namespace_.c_str(),
+    options.context()->get_rcl_context().get(), options.get_rcl_node_options());
   if (ret != RCL_RET_OK) {
     // Finalize the interrupt guard condition.
     finalize_notify_guard_condition();
-    // Finalize previously allocated node arguments
-    if (RCL_RET_OK != rcl_arguments_fini(&options.arguments)) {
-      // Print message because exception will be thrown later in this code block
-      RCUTILS_LOG_ERROR_NAMED(
-        "rclcpp",
-        "Failed to fini arguments during error handling: %s", rcl_get_error_string().str);
-      rcl_reset_error();
-    }
 
     if (ret == RCL_RET_NODE_INVALID_NAME) {
       rcl_reset_error();  // discard rcl_node_init error
@@ -191,15 +133,6 @@ NodeBase::NodeBase(
 
   // Indicate the notify_guard_condition is now valid.
   notify_guard_condition_is_valid_ = true;
-
-  // Finalize previously allocated node arguments
-  if (RCL_RET_OK != rcl_arguments_fini(&options.arguments)) {
-    // print message because throwing would prevent the destructor from being called
-    RCUTILS_LOG_ERROR_NAMED(
-      "rclcpp",
-      "Failed to fini arguments: %s", rcl_get_error_string().str);
-    rcl_reset_error();
-  }
 }
 
 NodeBase::~NodeBase()
@@ -228,6 +161,12 @@ NodeBase::get_namespace() const
   return rcl_node_get_namespace(node_handle_.get());
 }
 
+const char *
+NodeBase::get_fully_qualified_name() const
+{
+  return rcl_node_get_fully_qualified_name(node_handle_.get());
+}
+
 rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr
 NodeBase::get_context()
 {

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_clock.cpp

@@ -23,20 +23,15 @@ NodeClock::NodeClock(
   rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeBaseInterface::SharedPtr node_base,
   rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTopicsInterface::SharedPtr node_topics,
   rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeGraphInterface::SharedPtr node_graph,
-  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeServicesInterface::SharedPtr node_services)
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeServicesInterface::SharedPtr node_services,
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeLoggingInterface::SharedPtr node_logging)
 : node_base_(node_base),
   node_topics_(node_topics),
   node_graph_(node_graph),
   node_services_(node_services),
+  node_logging_(node_logging),
   ros_clock_(std::make_shared<rclcpp::Clock>(RCL_ROS_TIME))
-{
-  time_source_.attachNode(
-    node_base_,
-    node_topics_,
-    node_graph_,
-    node_services_);
-  time_source_.attachClock(ros_clock_);
-}
+{}
 
 NodeClock::~NodeClock()
 {}

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_graph.cpp

@@ -30,7 +30,9 @@ using rclcpp::graph_listener::GraphListener;
 
 NodeGraph::NodeGraph(rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeBaseInterface * node_base)
 : node_base_(node_base),
-  graph_listener_(node_base->get_context()->get_sub_context<GraphListener>()),
+  graph_listener_(
+    node_base->get_context()->get_sub_context<GraphListener>(node_base->get_context())
+  ),
   should_add_to_graph_listener_(true),
   graph_users_count_(0)
 {}
@@ -334,8 +336,8 @@ NodeGraph::wait_for_graph_change(
       throw EventNotRegisteredError();
     }
   }
-  auto pred = [&event]() {
-      return event->check() || !rclcpp::ok();
+  auto pred = [&event, context = node_base_->get_context()]() {
+      return event->check() || !rclcpp::ok(context);
     };
   std::unique_lock<std::mutex> graph_lock(graph_mutex_);
   if (!pred()) {

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_parameters.cpp

@@ -36,9 +36,13 @@ NodeParameters::NodeParameters(
   const rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeBaseInterface::SharedPtr node_base,
   const rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTopicsInterface::SharedPtr node_topics,
   const rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeServicesInterface::SharedPtr node_services,
+  const rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeClockInterface::SharedPtr node_clock,
   const std::vector<rclcpp::Parameter> & initial_parameters,
   bool use_intra_process,
-  bool start_parameter_services)
+  bool start_parameter_services,
+  bool start_parameter_event_publisher,
+  const rmw_qos_profile_t & parameter_event_qos_profile)
+: events_publisher_(nullptr), node_clock_(node_clock)
 {
   using MessageT = rcl_interfaces::msg::ParameterEvent;
   using PublisherT = rclcpp::Publisher<MessageT>;
@@ -50,12 +54,14 @@ NodeParameters::NodeParameters(
     parameter_service_ = std::make_shared<ParameterService>(node_base, node_services, this);
   }
 
-  events_publisher_ = rclcpp::create_publisher<MessageT, AllocatorT, PublisherT>(
-    node_topics.get(),
-    "parameter_events",
-    rmw_qos_profile_parameter_events,
-    use_intra_process,
-    allocator);
+  if (start_parameter_event_publisher) {
+    events_publisher_ = rclcpp::create_publisher<MessageT, AllocatorT, PublisherT>(
+      node_topics.get(),
+      "parameter_events",
+      parameter_event_qos_profile,
+      use_intra_process,
+      allocator);
+  }
 
   // Get the node options
   const rcl_node_t * node = node_base->get_rcl_node_handle();
@@ -64,7 +70,7 @@ NodeParameters::NodeParameters(
   }
   const rcl_node_options_t * options = rcl_node_get_options(node);
   if (nullptr == options) {
-    throw std::runtime_error("Need valid node options NodeParameters");
+    throw std::runtime_error("Need valid node options in NodeParameters");
   }
 
   // Get paths to yaml files containing initial parameter values
@@ -93,7 +99,8 @@ NodeParameters::NodeParameters(
 
   // global before local so that local overwrites global
   if (options->use_global_arguments) {
-    get_yaml_paths(rcl_get_global_arguments());
+    auto context_ptr = node_base->get_context()->get_rcl_context();
+    get_yaml_paths(&(context_ptr->global_arguments));
   }
   get_yaml_paths(&(options->arguments));
 
@@ -104,11 +111,11 @@ NodeParameters::NodeParameters(
     // Should never happen
     throw std::runtime_error("Node name and namespace were not set");
   }
-  std::string combined_name;
+
   if ('/' == node_namespace.at(node_namespace.size() - 1)) {
-    combined_name = node_namespace + node_name;
+    combined_name_ = node_namespace + node_name;
   } else {
-    combined_name = node_namespace + '/' + node_name;
+    combined_name_ = node_namespace + '/' + node_name;
   }
 
   std::map<std::string, rclcpp::Parameter> parameters;
@@ -130,7 +137,7 @@ NodeParameters::NodeParameters(
 
     rclcpp::ParameterMap initial_map = rclcpp::parameter_map_from(yaml_params);
     rcl_yaml_node_struct_fini(yaml_params);
-    auto iter = initial_map.find(combined_name);
+    auto iter = initial_map.find(combined_name_);
     if (initial_map.end() == iter) {
       continue;
     }
@@ -170,7 +177,7 @@ NodeParameters::set_parameters(
   const std::vector<rclcpp::Parameter> & parameters)
 {
   std::vector<rcl_interfaces::msg::SetParametersResult> results;
-  for (auto p : parameters) {
+  for (const auto & p : parameters) {
     auto result = set_parameters_atomically({{p}});
     results.push_back(result);
   }
@@ -185,6 +192,8 @@ NodeParameters::set_parameters_atomically(
   std::map<std::string, rclcpp::Parameter> tmp_map;
   auto parameter_event = std::make_shared<rcl_interfaces::msg::ParameterEvent>();
 
+  parameter_event->node = combined_name_;
+
   // TODO(jacquelinekay): handle parameter constraints
   rcl_interfaces::msg::SetParametersResult result;
   if (parameters_callback_) {
@@ -197,7 +206,7 @@ NodeParameters::set_parameters_atomically(
     return result;
   }
 
-  for (auto p : parameters) {
+  for (const auto & p : parameters) {
     if (p.get_type() == rclcpp::ParameterType::PARAMETER_NOT_SET) {
       if (parameters_.find(p.get_name()) != parameters_.end()) {
         // case: parameter was set before, and input is "NOT_SET"
@@ -220,7 +229,7 @@ NodeParameters::set_parameters_atomically(
   tmp_map.insert(parameters_.begin(), parameters_.end());
 
   // remove explicitly deleted parameters
-  for (auto p : parameters) {
+  for (const auto & p : parameters) {
     if (p.get_type() == rclcpp::ParameterType::PARAMETER_NOT_SET) {
       tmp_map.erase(p.get_name());
     }
@@ -228,7 +237,11 @@ NodeParameters::set_parameters_atomically(
 
   std::swap(tmp_map, parameters_);
 
-  events_publisher_->publish(parameter_event);
+  // events_publisher_ may be nullptr if it was disabled in constructor
+  if (nullptr != events_publisher_) {
+    parameter_event->stamp = node_clock_->get_clock()->now();
+    events_publisher_->publish(parameter_event);
+  }
 
   return result;
 }
@@ -278,6 +291,27 @@ NodeParameters::get_parameter(
   }
 }
 
+bool
+NodeParameters::get_parameters_by_prefix(
+  const std::string & prefix,
+  std::map<std::string, rclcpp::Parameter> & parameters) const
+{
+  std::string prefix_with_dot = prefix + ".";
+  bool ret = false;
+
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+
+  for (const auto & param : parameters_) {
+    if (param.first.find(prefix_with_dot) == 0 && param.first.length() > prefix_with_dot.length()) {
+      // Found one!
+      parameters[param.first.substr(prefix_with_dot.length())] = param.second;
+      ret = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
 std::vector<rcl_interfaces::msg::ParameterDescriptor>
 NodeParameters::describe_parameters(const std::vector<std::string> & names) const
 {

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_time_source.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_time_source.hpp"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+using rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTimeSource;
+
+NodeTimeSource::NodeTimeSource(
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeBaseInterface::SharedPtr node_base,
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTopicsInterface::SharedPtr node_topics,
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeGraphInterface::SharedPtr node_graph,
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeServicesInterface::SharedPtr node_services,
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeLoggingInterface::SharedPtr node_logging,
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeClockInterface::SharedPtr node_clock,
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeParametersInterface::SharedPtr node_parameters)
+: node_base_(node_base),
+  node_topics_(node_topics),
+  node_graph_(node_graph),
+  node_services_(node_services),
+  node_logging_(node_logging),
+  node_clock_(node_clock),
+  node_parameters_(node_parameters)
+{
+  time_source_.attachNode(
+    node_base_,
+    node_topics_,
+    node_graph_,
+    node_services_,
+    node_logging_,
+    node_clock_,
+    node_parameters_);
+  time_source_.attachClock(node_clock_->get_clock());
+}
+
+NodeTimeSource::~NodeTimeSource()
+{}

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_topics.cpp

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ NodeTopics::create_publisher(
     publisher->setup_intra_process(
       intra_process_publisher_id,
       shared_publish_callback,
+      ipm,
       publisher_options);
   }
 

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_waitables.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "rclcpp/node_interfaces/node_waitables.hpp"
+
+#include <string>
+
+using rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeWaitables;
+
+NodeWaitables::NodeWaitables(rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeBaseInterface * node_base)
+: node_base_(node_base)
+{}
+
+NodeWaitables::~NodeWaitables()
+{}
+
+void
+NodeWaitables::add_waitable(
+  rclcpp::Waitable::SharedPtr waitable_ptr,
+  rclcpp::callback_group::CallbackGroup::SharedPtr group)
+{
+  if (group) {
+    if (!node_base_->callback_group_in_node(group)) {
+      // TODO(jacobperron): use custom exception
+      throw std::runtime_error("Cannot create waitable, group not in node.");
+    }
+    group->add_waitable(waitable_ptr);
+  } else {
+    node_base_->get_default_callback_group()->add_waitable(waitable_ptr);
+  }
+
+  // Notify the executor that a new waitable was created using the parent Node.
+  {
+    auto notify_guard_condition_lock = node_base_->acquire_notify_guard_condition_lock();
+    if (rcl_trigger_guard_condition(node_base_->get_notify_guard_condition()) != RCL_RET_OK) {
+      throw std::runtime_error(
+              std::string("Failed to notify wait set on waitable creation: ") +
+              rmw_get_error_string().str
+      );
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void
+NodeWaitables::remove_waitable(
+  rclcpp::Waitable::SharedPtr waitable_ptr,
+  rclcpp::callback_group::CallbackGroup::SharedPtr group) noexcept
+{
+  if (group) {
+    if (!node_base_->callback_group_in_node(group)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    group->remove_waitable(waitable_ptr);
+  } else {
+    node_base_->get_default_callback_group()->remove_waitable(waitable_ptr);
+  }
+}

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/node_options.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+// Copyright 2019 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "rclcpp/node_options.hpp"
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "rclcpp/exceptions.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/logging.hpp"
+
+using rclcpp::exceptions::throw_from_rcl_error;
+
+namespace rclcpp
+{
+
+namespace detail
+{
+static
+void
+rcl_node_options_t_destructor(rcl_node_options_t * node_options)
+{
+  if (node_options) {
+    rcl_ret_t ret = rcl_node_options_fini(node_options);
+    if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
+      // Cannot throw here, as it may be called in the destructor.
+      RCLCPP_ERROR(
+        rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"),
+        "failed to finalize rcl node options: %s", rcl_get_error_string().str);
+      rcl_reset_error();
+    }
+  }
+}
+}  // namespace detail
+
+NodeOptions::NodeOptions(rcl_allocator_t allocator)
+: node_options_(nullptr, detail::rcl_node_options_t_destructor), allocator_(allocator)
+{}
+
+NodeOptions::NodeOptions(const NodeOptions & other)
+: node_options_(nullptr, detail::rcl_node_options_t_destructor)
+{
+  *this = other;
+}
+
+NodeOptions &
+NodeOptions::operator=(const NodeOptions & other)
+{
+  if (this != &other) {
+    this->context_ = other.context_;
+    this->arguments_ = other.arguments_;
+    this->initial_parameters_ = other.initial_parameters_;
+    this->use_global_arguments_ = other.use_global_arguments_;
+    this->use_intra_process_comms_ = other.use_intra_process_comms_;
+    this->start_parameter_services_ = other.start_parameter_services_;
+    this->allocator_ = other.allocator_;
+  }
+  return *this;
+}
+
+const rcl_node_options_t *
+NodeOptions::get_rcl_node_options() const
+{
+  // If it is nullptr, create it on demand.
+  if (!node_options_) {
+    node_options_.reset(new rcl_node_options_t);
+    *node_options_ = rcl_node_get_default_options();
+    node_options_->allocator = this->allocator_;
+    node_options_->use_global_arguments = this->use_global_arguments_;
+    node_options_->domain_id = this->get_domain_id_from_env();
+
+    std::unique_ptr<const char *[]> c_args;
+    if (!this->arguments_.empty()) {
+      c_args.reset(new const char *[this->arguments_.size()]);
+      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < this->arguments_.size(); ++i) {
+        c_args[i] = this->arguments_[i].c_str();
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (this->arguments_.size() > std::numeric_limits<int>::max()) {
+      throw_from_rcl_error(RCL_RET_INVALID_ARGUMENT, "Too many args");
+    }
+
+    rmw_ret_t ret = rcl_parse_arguments(
+      static_cast<int>(this->arguments_.size()), c_args.get(), this->allocator_,
+      &(node_options_->arguments));
+
+    if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
+      throw_from_rcl_error(ret, "failed to parse arguments");
+    }
+  }
+
+  return node_options_.get();
+}
+
+rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr
+NodeOptions::context() const
+{
+  return this->context_;
+}
+
+NodeOptions &
+NodeOptions::context(rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr context)
+{
+  this->context_ = context;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+const std::vector<std::string> &
+NodeOptions::arguments() const
+{
+  return this->arguments_;
+}
+
+NodeOptions &
+NodeOptions::arguments(const std::vector<std::string> & arguments)
+{
+  this->node_options_.reset();  // reset node options to make it be recreated on next access.
+  this->arguments_ = arguments;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+std::vector<rclcpp::Parameter> &
+NodeOptions::initial_parameters()
+{
+  return this->initial_parameters_;
+}
+
+const std::vector<rclcpp::Parameter> &
+NodeOptions::initial_parameters() const
+{
+  return this->initial_parameters_;
+}
+
+NodeOptions &
+NodeOptions::initial_parameters(const std::vector<rclcpp::Parameter> & initial_parameters)
+{
+  this->initial_parameters_ = initial_parameters;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+const bool &
+NodeOptions::use_global_arguments() const
+{
+  return this->node_options_->use_global_arguments;
+}
+
+NodeOptions &
+NodeOptions::use_global_arguments(const bool & use_global_arguments)
+{
+  this->node_options_.reset();  // reset node options to make it be recreated on next access.
+  this->use_global_arguments_ = use_global_arguments;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+const bool &
+NodeOptions::use_intra_process_comms() const
+{
+  return this->use_intra_process_comms_;
+}
+
+NodeOptions &
+NodeOptions::use_intra_process_comms(const bool & use_intra_process_comms)
+{
+  this->use_intra_process_comms_ = use_intra_process_comms;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+const bool &
+NodeOptions::start_parameter_services() const
+{
+  return this->start_parameter_services_;
+}
+
+NodeOptions &
+NodeOptions::start_parameter_services(const bool & start_parameter_services)
+{
+  this->start_parameter_services_ = start_parameter_services;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+const bool &
+NodeOptions::start_parameter_event_publisher() const
+{
+  return this->start_parameter_event_publisher_;
+}
+
+NodeOptions &
+NodeOptions::start_parameter_event_publisher(const bool & start_parameter_event_publisher)
+{
+  this->start_parameter_event_publisher_ = start_parameter_event_publisher;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+const rmw_qos_profile_t &
+NodeOptions::parameter_event_qos_profile() const
+{
+  return this->parameter_event_qos_profile_;
+}
+
+NodeOptions &
+NodeOptions::parameter_event_qos_profile(const rmw_qos_profile_t & parameter_event_qos_profile)
+{
+  this->parameter_event_qos_profile_ = parameter_event_qos_profile;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+const rcl_allocator_t &
+NodeOptions::allocator() const
+{
+  return this->allocator_;
+}
+
+NodeOptions &
+NodeOptions::allocator(rcl_allocator_t allocator)
+{
+  this->node_options_.reset();  // reset node options to make it be recreated on next access.
+  this->allocator_ = allocator;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+// TODO(wjwwood): reuse rcutils_get_env() to avoid code duplication.
+//   See also: https://github.com/ros2/rcl/issues/119
+size_t
+NodeOptions::get_domain_id_from_env() const
+{
+  // Determine the domain id based on the options and the ROS_DOMAIN_ID env variable.
+  size_t domain_id = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
+  char * ros_domain_id = nullptr;
+  const char * env_var = "ROS_DOMAIN_ID";
+#ifndef _WIN32
+  ros_domain_id = getenv(env_var);
+#else
+  size_t ros_domain_id_size;
+  _dupenv_s(&ros_domain_id, &ros_domain_id_size, env_var);
+#endif
+  if (ros_domain_id) {
+    uint32_t number = strtoul(ros_domain_id, NULL, 0);
+    if (number == (std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max)()) {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+      // free the ros_domain_id before throwing, if getenv was used on Windows
+      free(ros_domain_id);
+#endif
+      throw std::runtime_error("failed to interpret ROS_DOMAIN_ID as integral number");
+    }
+    domain_id = static_cast<size_t>(number);
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    free(ros_domain_id);
+#endif
+  }
+  return domain_id;
+}
+
+}  // namespace rclcpp

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/parameter_client.cpp

@@ -350,10 +350,60 @@ SyncParametersClient::SyncParametersClient(
   rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr node,
   const std::string & remote_node_name,
   const rmw_qos_profile_t & qos_profile)
-: executor_(executor), node_(node)
+: SyncParametersClient(
+    executor,
+    node->get_node_base_interface(),
+    node->get_node_topics_interface(),
+    node->get_node_graph_interface(),
+    node->get_node_services_interface(),
+    remote_node_name,
+    qos_profile)
+{}
+
+SyncParametersClient::SyncParametersClient(
+  rclcpp::Node * node,
+  const std::string & remote_node_name,
+  const rmw_qos_profile_t & qos_profile)
+: SyncParametersClient(
+    std::make_shared<rclcpp::executors::SingleThreadedExecutor>(),
+    node,
+    remote_node_name,
+    qos_profile)
+{}
+
+SyncParametersClient::SyncParametersClient(
+  rclcpp::executor::Executor::SharedPtr executor,
+  rclcpp::Node * node,
+  const std::string & remote_node_name,
+  const rmw_qos_profile_t & qos_profile)
+: SyncParametersClient(
+    executor,
+    node->get_node_base_interface(),
+    node->get_node_topics_interface(),
+    node->get_node_graph_interface(),
+    node->get_node_services_interface(),
+    remote_node_name,
+    qos_profile)
+{}
+
+SyncParametersClient::SyncParametersClient(
+  rclcpp::executor::Executor::SharedPtr executor,
+  const rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeBaseInterface::SharedPtr node_base_interface,
+  const rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTopicsInterface::SharedPtr node_topics_interface,
+  const rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeGraphInterface::SharedPtr node_graph_interface,
+  const rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeServicesInterface::SharedPtr node_services_interface,
+  const std::string & remote_node_name,
+  const rmw_qos_profile_t & qos_profile)
+: executor_(executor), node_base_interface_(node_base_interface)
 {
   async_parameters_client_ =
-    std::make_shared<AsyncParametersClient>(node, remote_node_name, qos_profile);
+    std::make_shared<AsyncParametersClient>(
+    node_base_interface,
+    node_topics_interface,
+    node_graph_interface,
+    node_services_interface,
+    remote_node_name,
+    qos_profile);
 }
 
 std::vector<rclcpp::Parameter>
@@ -361,7 +411,7 @@ SyncParametersClient::get_parameters(const std::vector<std::string> & parameter_
 {
   auto f = async_parameters_client_->get_parameters(parameter_names);
   using rclcpp::executors::spin_node_until_future_complete;
-  if (spin_node_until_future_complete(*executor_, node_->get_node_base_interface(), f) ==
+  if (spin_node_until_future_complete(*executor_, node_base_interface_, f) ==
     rclcpp::executor::FutureReturnCode::SUCCESS)
   {
     return f.get();
@@ -385,7 +435,7 @@ SyncParametersClient::get_parameter_types(const std::vector<std::string> & param
   auto f = async_parameters_client_->get_parameter_types(parameter_names);
 
   using rclcpp::executors::spin_node_until_future_complete;
-  if (spin_node_until_future_complete(*executor_, node_->get_node_base_interface(), f) ==
+  if (spin_node_until_future_complete(*executor_, node_base_interface_, f) ==
     rclcpp::executor::FutureReturnCode::SUCCESS)
   {
     return f.get();
@@ -399,9 +449,8 @@ SyncParametersClient::set_parameters(
 {
   auto f = async_parameters_client_->set_parameters(parameters);
 
-  auto node_base_interface = node_->get_node_base_interface();
   using rclcpp::executors::spin_node_until_future_complete;
-  if (spin_node_until_future_complete(*executor_, node_base_interface, f) ==
+  if (spin_node_until_future_complete(*executor_, node_base_interface_, f) ==
     rclcpp::executor::FutureReturnCode::SUCCESS)
   {
     return f.get();
@@ -416,7 +465,7 @@ SyncParametersClient::set_parameters_atomically(
   auto f = async_parameters_client_->set_parameters_atomically(parameters);
 
   using rclcpp::executors::spin_node_until_future_complete;
-  if (spin_node_until_future_complete(*executor_, node_->get_node_base_interface(), f) ==
+  if (spin_node_until_future_complete(*executor_, node_base_interface_, f) ==
     rclcpp::executor::FutureReturnCode::SUCCESS)
   {
     return f.get();
@@ -433,7 +482,7 @@ SyncParametersClient::list_parameters(
   auto f = async_parameters_client_->list_parameters(parameter_prefixes, depth);
 
   using rclcpp::executors::spin_node_until_future_complete;
-  if (spin_node_until_future_complete(*executor_, node_->get_node_base_interface(), f) ==
+  if (spin_node_until_future_complete(*executor_, node_base_interface_, f) ==
     rclcpp::executor::FutureReturnCode::SUCCESS)
   {
     return f.get();

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/publisher.cpp

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include "rclcpp/allocator/allocator_common.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/allocator/allocator_deleter.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/exceptions.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/intra_process_manager.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/macros.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/node.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/expand_topic_or_service_name.hpp"
@@ -42,7 +43,8 @@ PublisherBase::PublisherBase(
   const rosidl_message_type_support_t & type_support,
   const rcl_publisher_options_t & publisher_options)
 : rcl_node_handle_(node_base->get_shared_rcl_node_handle()),
-  intra_process_publisher_id_(0), store_intra_process_message_(nullptr)
+  intra_process_is_enabled_(false), intra_process_publisher_id_(0),
+  store_intra_process_message_(nullptr)
 {
   rcl_ret_t ret = rcl_publisher_init(
     &publisher_handle_,
@@ -94,6 +96,20 @@ PublisherBase::~PublisherBase()
       rcl_get_error_string().str);
     rcl_reset_error();
   }
+
+  auto ipm = weak_ipm_.lock();
+
+  if (!intra_process_is_enabled_) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!ipm) {
+    // TODO(ivanpauno): should this raise an error?
+    RCLCPP_WARN(
+      rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"),
+      "Intra process manager died before than a publisher.");
+    return;
+  }
+  ipm->remove_publisher(intra_process_publisher_id_);
 }
 
 const char *
@@ -138,6 +154,60 @@ PublisherBase::get_publisher_handle() const
   return &publisher_handle_;
 }
 
+size_t
+PublisherBase::get_subscription_count() const
+{
+  size_t inter_process_subscription_count = 0;
+
+  rcl_ret_t status = rcl_publisher_get_subscription_count(
+    &publisher_handle_,
+    &inter_process_subscription_count);
+
+  if (RCL_RET_PUBLISHER_INVALID == status) {
+    rcl_reset_error();  /* next call will reset error message if not context */
+    if (rcl_publisher_is_valid_except_context(&publisher_handle_)) {
+      rcl_context_t * context = rcl_publisher_get_context(&publisher_handle_);
+      if (nullptr != context && !rcl_context_is_valid(context)) {
+        /* publisher is invalid due to context being shutdown */
+        return 0;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (RCL_RET_OK != status) {
+    rclcpp::exceptions::throw_from_rcl_error(status, "failed to get get subscription count");
+  }
+  return inter_process_subscription_count;
+}
+
+size_t
+PublisherBase::get_intra_process_subscription_count() const
+{
+  auto ipm = weak_ipm_.lock();
+  if (!intra_process_is_enabled_) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (!ipm) {
+    // TODO(ivanpauno): should this just return silently? Or maybe return with a warning?
+    //                  Same as wjwwood comment in publisher_factory create_shared_publish_callback.
+    throw std::runtime_error(
+            "intra process subscriber count called after "
+            "destruction of intra process manager");
+  }
+  return ipm->get_subscription_count(intra_process_publisher_id_);
+}
+
+rmw_qos_profile_t
+PublisherBase::get_actual_qos() const
+{
+  const rmw_qos_profile_t * qos = rcl_publisher_get_actual_qos(&publisher_handle_);
+  if (!qos) {
+    auto msg = std::string("failed to get qos settings: ") + rcl_get_error_string().str;
+    rcl_reset_error();
+    throw std::runtime_error(msg);
+  }
+  return *qos;
+}
+
 bool
 PublisherBase::operator==(const rmw_gid_t & gid) const
 {
@@ -168,9 +238,15 @@ PublisherBase::operator==(const rmw_gid_t * gid) const
 void
 PublisherBase::setup_intra_process(
   uint64_t intra_process_publisher_id,
-  StoreMessageCallbackT callback,
+  StoreMessageCallbackT store_callback,
+  IntraProcessManagerSharedPtr ipm,
   const rcl_publisher_options_t & intra_process_options)
 {
+  // Intraprocess configuration is not allowed with "durability" qos policy non "volatile".
+  if (this->get_actual_qos().durability != RMW_QOS_POLICY_DURABILITY_VOLATILE) {
+    throw exceptions::InvalidParametersException(
+            "intraprocess communication is not allowed with durability qos policy non-volatile");
+  }
   const char * topic_name = this->get_topic_name();
   if (!topic_name) {
     throw std::runtime_error("failed to get topic name");
@@ -199,7 +275,10 @@ PublisherBase::setup_intra_process(
   }
 
   intra_process_publisher_id_ = intra_process_publisher_id;
-  store_intra_process_message_ = callback;
+  store_intra_process_message_ = store_callback;
+  weak_ipm_ = ipm;
+  intra_process_is_enabled_ = true;
+
   // Life time of this object is tied to the publisher handle.
   rmw_publisher_t * publisher_rmw_handle = rcl_publisher_get_rmw_handle(
     &intra_process_publisher_handle_);

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/signal_handler.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "./signal_handler.hpp"
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <csignal>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+
+// includes for semaphore notification code
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#include <windows.h>
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
+#else  // posix
+#include <semaphore.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "rclcpp/logging.hpp"
+#include "rmw/impl/cpp/demangle.hpp"
+
+using rclcpp::SignalHandler;
+
+// initialize static storage in SignalHandler class
+SignalHandler::signal_handler_type SignalHandler::old_signal_handler_;
+std::atomic_bool SignalHandler::signal_received_ = ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(false);
+std::atomic_bool SignalHandler::wait_for_signal_is_setup_ = ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(false);
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+HANDLE SignalHandler::signal_handler_sem_;
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+dispatch_semaphore_t SignalHandler::signal_handler_sem_;
+#else  // posix
+sem_t SignalHandler::signal_handler_sem_;
+#endif
+
+// The logger must be initialized before the local static variable signal_handler,
+// from the method get_global_signal_handler(), so that it is destructed after
+// it, because the destructor of SignalHandler uses this logger object.
+static rclcpp::Logger g_logger = rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp");
+
+rclcpp::Logger &
+SignalHandler::get_logger()
+{
+  return g_logger;
+}
+
+SignalHandler &
+SignalHandler::get_global_signal_handler()
+{
+  // This is initialized after the g_logger static global, ensuring
+  // SignalHandler::get_logger() may be called from the destructor of
+  // SignalHandler, according to this:
+  //
+  //   Variables declared at block scope with the specifier static have static
+  //   storage duration but are initialized the first time control passes
+  //   through their declaration (unless their initialization is zero- or
+  //   constant-initialization, which can be performed before the block is
+  //   first entered). On all further calls, the declaration is skipped.
+  //
+  // -- https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/storage_duration#Static_local_variables
+  //
+  // Which is guaranteed to occur after static initialization for global (see:
+  // https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/initialization#Static_initialization),
+  // which is when g_logger will be initialized.
+  // And destruction will occur in the reverse order.
+  static SignalHandler signal_handler;
+  return signal_handler;
+}
+
+bool
+SignalHandler::install()
+{
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(install_mutex_);
+  bool already_installed = installed_.exchange(true);
+  if (already_installed) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  try {
+    setup_wait_for_signal();
+    signal_received_.store(false);
+
+    SignalHandler::signal_handler_type signal_handler_argument;
+#if defined(RCLCPP_HAS_SIGACTION)
+    memset(&signal_handler_argument, 0, sizeof(signal_handler_argument));
+    sigemptyset(&signal_handler_argument.sa_mask);
+    signal_handler_argument.sa_sigaction = signal_handler;
+    signal_handler_argument.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
+#else
+    signal_handler_argument = signal_handler;
+#endif
+
+    old_signal_handler_ = SignalHandler::set_signal_handler(SIGINT, signal_handler_argument);
+
+    signal_handler_thread_ = std::thread(&SignalHandler::deferred_signal_handler, this);
+  } catch (...) {
+    installed_.store(false);
+    throw;
+  }
+  RCLCPP_DEBUG(get_logger(), "signal handler installed");
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool
+SignalHandler::uninstall()
+{
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(install_mutex_);
+  bool installed = installed_.exchange(false);
+  if (!installed) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  try {
+    // TODO(wjwwood): what happens if someone overrides our signal handler then calls uninstall?
+    //   I think we need to assert that we're the current signal handler, and mitigate if not.
+    set_signal_handler(SIGINT, old_signal_handler_);
+    RCLCPP_DEBUG(get_logger(), "SignalHandler::uninstall(): notifying deferred signal handler");
+    notify_signal_handler();
+    signal_handler_thread_.join();
+    teardown_wait_for_signal();
+  } catch (...) {
+    installed_.exchange(true);
+    throw;
+  }
+  RCLCPP_DEBUG(get_logger(), "signal handler uninstalled");
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool
+SignalHandler::is_installed()
+{
+  return installed_.load();
+}
+
+SignalHandler::~SignalHandler()
+{
+  try {
+    uninstall();
+  } catch (const std::exception & exc) {
+    RCLCPP_ERROR(
+      get_logger(),
+      "caught %s exception when uninstalling the sigint handler in rclcpp::~SignalHandler: %s",
+      rmw::impl::cpp::demangle(exc).c_str(), exc.what());
+  } catch (...) {
+    RCLCPP_ERROR(
+      get_logger(),
+      "caught unknown exception when uninstalling the sigint handler in rclcpp::~SignalHandler");
+  }
+}
+
+RCLCPP_LOCAL
+void
+__safe_strerror(int errnum, char * buffer, size_t buffer_length)
+{
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+  strerror_s(buffer, buffer_length, errnum);
+#elif (defined(_GNU_SOURCE) && !defined(ANDROID))
+  char * msg = strerror_r(errnum, buffer, buffer_length);
+  if (msg != buffer) {
+    strncpy(buffer, msg, buffer_length);
+    buffer[buffer_length - 1] = '\0';
+  }
+#else
+  int error_status = strerror_r(errnum, buffer, buffer_length);
+  if (error_status != 0) {
+    throw std::runtime_error("Failed to get error string for errno: " + std::to_string(errnum));
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+SignalHandler::signal_handler_type
+SignalHandler::set_signal_handler(
+  int signal_value,
+  const SignalHandler::signal_handler_type & signal_handler)
+{
+  bool signal_handler_install_failed;
+  SignalHandler::signal_handler_type old_signal_handler;
+#if defined(RCLCPP_HAS_SIGACTION)
+  ssize_t ret = sigaction(signal_value, &signal_handler, &old_signal_handler);
+  signal_handler_install_failed = (ret == -1);
+#else
+  old_signal_handler = std::signal(signal_value, signal_handler);
+  signal_handler_install_failed = (old_signal_handler == SIG_ERR);
+#endif
+  if (signal_handler_install_failed) {
+    char error_string[1024];
+    __safe_strerror(errno, error_string, sizeof(error_string));
+    auto msg =
+      "Failed to set SIGINT signal handler (" + std::to_string(errno) + "): " + error_string;
+    throw std::runtime_error(msg);
+  }
+
+  return old_signal_handler;
+}
+
+void
+SignalHandler::signal_handler_common()
+{
+  signal_received_.store(true);
+  RCLCPP_DEBUG(
+    get_logger(),
+    "signal_handler(): SIGINT received, notifying deferred signal handler");
+  notify_signal_handler();
+}
+
+#if defined(RCLCPP_HAS_SIGACTION)
+void
+SignalHandler::signal_handler(int signal_value, siginfo_t * siginfo, void * context)
+{
+  RCLCPP_INFO(get_logger(), "signal_handler(signal_value=%d)", signal_value);
+
+  if (old_signal_handler_.sa_flags & SA_SIGINFO) {
+    if (old_signal_handler_.sa_sigaction != NULL) {
+      old_signal_handler_.sa_sigaction(signal_value, siginfo, context);
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (
+      old_signal_handler_.sa_handler != NULL &&  // Is set
+      old_signal_handler_.sa_handler != SIG_DFL &&  // Is not default
+      old_signal_handler_.sa_handler != SIG_IGN)  // Is not ignored
+    {
+      old_signal_handler_.sa_handler(signal_value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  signal_handler_common();
+}
+#else
+void
+SignalHandler::signal_handler(int signal_value)
+{
+  RCLCPP_INFO(get_logger(), "signal_handler(signal_value=%d)", signal_value);
+
+  if (old_signal_handler_) {
+    old_signal_handler_(signal_value);
+  }
+
+  signal_handler_common();
+}
+#endif
+
+void
+SignalHandler::deferred_signal_handler()
+{
+  while (true) {
+    if (signal_received_.exchange(false)) {
+      RCLCPP_DEBUG(get_logger(), "deferred_signal_handler(): SIGINT received, shutting down");
+      for (auto context_ptr : rclcpp::get_contexts()) {
+        if (context_ptr->get_init_options().shutdown_on_sigint) {
+          RCLCPP_DEBUG(
+            get_logger(),
+            "deferred_signal_handler(): "
+            "shutting down rclcpp::Context @ %p, because it had shutdown_on_sigint == true",
+            context_ptr.get());
+          context_ptr->shutdown("signal handler");
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (!is_installed()) {
+      RCLCPP_DEBUG(get_logger(), "deferred_signal_handler(): signal handling uninstalled");
+      break;
+    }
+    RCLCPP_DEBUG(get_logger(), "deferred_signal_handler(): waiting for SIGINT or uninstall");
+    wait_for_signal();
+    RCLCPP_DEBUG(get_logger(), "deferred_signal_handler(): woken up due to SIGINT or uninstall");
+  }
+}
+
+void
+SignalHandler::setup_wait_for_signal()
+{
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+  signal_handler_sem_ = CreateSemaphore(
+    NULL,  // default security attributes
+    0,  // initial semaphore count
+    1,  // maximum semaphore count
+    NULL);  // unnamed semaphore
+  if (NULL == signal_handler_sem_) {
+    throw std::runtime_error("CreateSemaphore() failed in setup_wait_for_signal()");
+  }
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+  signal_handler_sem_ = dispatch_semaphore_create(0);
+#else  // posix
+  if (-1 == sem_init(&signal_handler_sem_, 0, 0)) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(std::string("sem_init() failed: ") + strerror(errno));
+  }
+#endif
+  wait_for_signal_is_setup_.store(true);
+}
+
+void
+SignalHandler::teardown_wait_for_signal() noexcept
+{
+  if (!wait_for_signal_is_setup_.exchange(false)) {
+    return;
+  }
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+  CloseHandle(signal_handler_sem_);
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+  dispatch_release(signal_handler_sem_);
+#else  // posix
+  if (-1 == sem_destroy(&signal_handler_sem_)) {
+    RCLCPP_ERROR(get_logger(), "invalid semaphore in teardown_wait_for_signal()");
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+SignalHandler::wait_for_signal()
+{
+  if (!wait_for_signal_is_setup_.load()) {
+    RCLCPP_ERROR(get_logger(), "called wait_for_signal() before setup_wait_for_signal()");
+    return;
+  }
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+  DWORD dw_wait_result = WaitForSingleObject(signal_handler_sem_, INFINITE);
+  switch (dw_wait_result) {
+    case WAIT_ABANDONED:
+      RCLCPP_ERROR(
+        get_logger(), "WaitForSingleObject() failed in wait_for_signal() with WAIT_ABANDONED: %s",
+        GetLastError());
+      break;
+    case WAIT_OBJECT_0:
+      // successful
+      break;
+    case WAIT_TIMEOUT:
+      RCLCPP_ERROR(get_logger(), "WaitForSingleObject() timedout out in wait_for_signal()");
+      break;
+    case WAIT_FAILED:
+      RCLCPP_ERROR(
+        get_logger(), "WaitForSingleObject() failed in wait_for_signal(): %s", GetLastError());
+      break;
+    default:
+      RCLCPP_ERROR(
+        get_logger(), "WaitForSingleObject() gave unknown return in wait_for_signal(): %s",
+        GetLastError());
+  }
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+  dispatch_semaphore_wait(signal_handler_sem_, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
+#else  // posix
+  int s;
+  do {
+    s = sem_wait(&signal_handler_sem_);
+  } while (-1 == s && EINTR == errno);
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+SignalHandler::notify_signal_handler() noexcept
+{
+  if (!wait_for_signal_is_setup_.load()) {
+    return;
+  }
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+  if (!ReleaseSemaphore(signal_handler_sem_, 1, NULL)) {
+    RCLCPP_ERROR(
+      get_logger(), "ReleaseSemaphore() failed in notify_signal_handler(): %s", GetLastError());
+  }
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+  dispatch_semaphore_signal(signal_handler_sem_);
+#else  // posix
+  if (-1 == sem_post(&signal_handler_sem_)) {
+    RCLCPP_ERROR(get_logger(), "sem_post failed in notify_signal_handler()");
+  }
+#endif
+}

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/signal_handler.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RCLCPP__SIGNAL_HANDLER_HPP_
+#define RCLCPP__SIGNAL_HANDLER_HPP_
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <csignal>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "rclcpp/logging.hpp"
+
+// includes for semaphore notification code
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#include <windows.h>
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+#include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
+#else  // posix
+#include <semaphore.h>
+#endif
+
+// Determine if sigaction is available
+#if __APPLE__ || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 1 || _XOPEN_SOURCE || _POSIX_SOURCE
+#define RCLCPP_HAS_SIGACTION
+#endif
+
+namespace rclcpp
+{
+
+/// Responsible for manaaging the SIGINT signal handling.
+/**
+ * This class is responsible for:
+ *
+ * - installing the signal handler for SIGINT
+ * - uninstalling the signal handler for SIGINT
+ * - creating a thread to execute "on sigint" work outside of the signal handler
+ * - safely notifying the dedicated signal handling thread when receiving SIGINT
+ * - implementation of all of the signal handling work, like shutting down contexts
+ *
+ * \internal
+ */
+class SignalHandler final
+{
+public:
+  /// Return the global singleton of this class.
+  static
+  SignalHandler &
+  get_global_signal_handler();
+
+  /// Return a global singleton logger to avoid needing to create it everywhere.
+  static
+  rclcpp::Logger &
+  get_logger();
+
+  /// Install the signal handler for SIGINT and start the dedicated signal handling thread.
+  /**
+   * Also stores the current signal handler to be called on SIGINT and to
+   * restore when uninstalling this signal handler.
+   */
+  bool
+  install();
+
+  /// Uninstall the signal handler for SIGINT and join the dedicated singal handling thread.
+  /**
+   * Also restores the previous signal handler.
+   */
+  bool
+  uninstall();
+
+  /// Return true if installed, false otherwise.
+  bool
+  is_installed();
+
+private:
+  SignalHandler() = default;
+
+  ~SignalHandler();
+
+#if defined(RCLCPP_HAS_SIGACTION)
+  using signal_handler_type = struct sigaction;
+#else
+  using signal_handler_type = void (*)(int);
+#endif
+  // POSIX signal handler structure storage for the existing signal handler.
+  static SignalHandler::signal_handler_type old_signal_handler_;
+
+  /// Set the signal handler function.
+  static
+  SignalHandler::signal_handler_type
+  set_signal_handler(int signal_value, const SignalHandler::signal_handler_type & signal_handler);
+
+  /// Common signal handler code between sigaction and non-sigaction versions.
+  static
+  void
+  signal_handler_common();
+
+#if defined(RCLCPP_HAS_SIGACTION)
+  /// Signal handler function.
+  static
+  void
+  signal_handler(int signal_value, siginfo_t * siginfo, void * context);
+#else
+  /// Signal handler function.
+  static
+  void
+  signal_handler(int signal_value);
+#endif
+
+  /// Target of the dedicated signal handling thread.
+  void
+  deferred_signal_handler();
+
+  /// Setup anything that is necessary for wait_for_signal() or notify_signal_handler().
+  /**
+   * This must be called before wait_for_signal() or notify_signal_handler().
+   * This is not thread-safe.
+   */
+  static
+  void
+  setup_wait_for_signal();
+
+  /// Undo all setup done in setup_wait_for_signal().
+  /**
+   * Must not call wait_for_signal() or notify_signal_handler() after calling this.
+   *
+   * This is not thread-safe.
+   */
+  static
+  void
+  teardown_wait_for_signal() noexcept;
+
+  /// Wait for a notification from notify_signal_handler() in a signal safe way.
+  /**
+   * This static method may throw if posting the semaphore fails.
+   *
+   * This is not thread-safe.
+   */
+  static
+  void
+  wait_for_signal();
+
+  /// Notify blocking wait_for_signal() calls in a signal safe way.
+  /**
+   * This is used to notify the deferred_signal_handler() thread to start work
+   * from the signal handler.
+   *
+   * This is thread-safe.
+   */
+  static
+  void
+  notify_signal_handler() noexcept;
+
+  // Whether or not a signal has been received.
+  static std::atomic_bool signal_received_;
+  // A thread to which singal handling tasks are deferred.
+  std::thread signal_handler_thread_;
+
+  // A mutex used to synchronize the install() and uninstall() methods.
+  std::mutex install_mutex_;
+  // Whether or not the signal handler has been installed.
+  std::atomic_bool installed_{false};
+
+  // Whether or not the semaphore for wait_for_signal is setup.
+  static std::atomic_bool wait_for_signal_is_setup_;
+  // Storage for the wait_for_signal semaphore.
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+  static HANDLE signal_handler_sem_;
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+  static dispatch_semaphore_t signal_handler_sem_;
+#else  // posix
+  static sem_t signal_handler_sem_;
+#endif
+};
+
+}  // namespace rclcpp
+
+#endif  // RCLCPP__SIGNAL_HANDLER_HPP_

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/subscription.cpp

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #include "rclcpp/exceptions.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/expand_topic_or_service_name.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/intra_process_manager.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/logging.hpp"
 
 #include "rmw/error_handling.h"
@@ -34,6 +35,8 @@ SubscriptionBase::SubscriptionBase(
   const rcl_subscription_options_t & subscription_options,
   bool is_serialized)
 : node_handle_(node_handle),
+  use_intra_process_(false),
+  intra_process_subscription_id_(0),
   type_support_(type_support_handle),
   is_serialized_(is_serialized)
 {
@@ -41,7 +44,7 @@ SubscriptionBase::SubscriptionBase(
     {
       if (rcl_subscription_fini(rcl_subs, node_handle.get()) != RCL_RET_OK) {
         RCLCPP_ERROR(
-          rclcpp::get_logger(rcl_node_get_logger_name(node_handle.get())).get_child("rclcpp"),
+          rclcpp::get_node_logger(node_handle.get()).get_child("rclcpp"),
           "Error in destruction of rcl subscription handle: %s",
           rcl_get_error_string().str);
         rcl_reset_error();
@@ -80,6 +83,18 @@ SubscriptionBase::SubscriptionBase(
 
 SubscriptionBase::~SubscriptionBase()
 {
+  if (!use_intra_process_) {
+    return;
+  }
+  auto ipm = weak_ipm_.lock();
+  if (!ipm) {
+    // TODO(ivanpauno): should this raise an error?
+    RCLCPP_WARN(
+      rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp"),
+      "Intra process manager died before than a subscription.");
+    return;
+  }
+  ipm->remove_subscription(intra_process_subscription_id_);
 }
 
 const char *
@@ -117,3 +132,18 @@ SubscriptionBase::is_serialized() const
 {
   return is_serialized_;
 }
+
+size_t
+SubscriptionBase::get_publisher_count() const
+{
+  size_t inter_process_publisher_count = 0;
+
+  rmw_ret_t status = rcl_subscription_get_publisher_count(
+    subscription_handle_.get(),
+    &inter_process_publisher_count);
+
+  if (RCL_RET_OK != status) {
+    rclcpp::exceptions::throw_from_rcl_error(status, "failed to get get publisher count");
+  }
+  return inter_process_publisher_count;
+}

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/time_source.cpp

@@ -21,10 +21,9 @@
 
 #include "rcl/time.h"
 
-#include "rcutils/logging_macros.h"
-
 #include "rclcpp/clock.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/exceptions.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/logging.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/node.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/time.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/time_source.hpp"
@@ -34,14 +33,16 @@ namespace rclcpp
 {
 
 TimeSource::TimeSource(std::shared_ptr<rclcpp::Node> node)
-: clock_subscription_(nullptr),
+: logger_(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp")),
+  clock_subscription_(nullptr),
   ros_time_active_(false)
 {
   this->attachNode(node);
 }
 
 TimeSource::TimeSource()
-: ros_time_active_(false)
+: logger_(rclcpp::get_logger("rclcpp")),
+  ros_time_active_(false)
 {
 }
 
@@ -51,21 +52,49 @@ void TimeSource::attachNode(rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr node)
     node->get_node_base_interface(),
     node->get_node_topics_interface(),
     node->get_node_graph_interface(),
-    node->get_node_services_interface());
+    node->get_node_services_interface(),
+    node->get_node_logging_interface(),
+    node->get_node_clock_interface(),
+    node->get_node_parameters_interface());
 }
 
 void TimeSource::attachNode(
-  const rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeBaseInterface::SharedPtr node_base_interface,
-  const rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTopicsInterface::SharedPtr node_topics_interface,
-  const rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeGraphInterface::SharedPtr node_graph_interface,
-  const rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeServicesInterface::SharedPtr node_services_interface)
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeBaseInterface::SharedPtr node_base_interface,
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeTopicsInterface::SharedPtr node_topics_interface,
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeGraphInterface::SharedPtr node_graph_interface,
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeServicesInterface::SharedPtr node_services_interface,
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeLoggingInterface::SharedPtr node_logging_interface,
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeClockInterface::SharedPtr node_clock_interface,
+  rclcpp::node_interfaces::NodeParametersInterface::SharedPtr node_parameters_interface)
 {
   node_base_ = node_base_interface;
   node_topics_ = node_topics_interface;
   node_graph_ = node_graph_interface;
   node_services_ = node_services_interface;
+  node_logging_ = node_logging_interface;
+  node_clock_ = node_clock_interface;
+  node_parameters_ = node_parameters_interface;
   // TODO(tfoote): Update QOS
 
+  logger_ = node_logging_->get_logger();
+
+  rclcpp::Parameter use_sim_time_param;
+  if (node_parameters_->get_parameter("use_sim_time", use_sim_time_param)) {
+    if (use_sim_time_param.get_type() == rclcpp::PARAMETER_BOOL) {
+      if (use_sim_time_param.get_value<bool>() == true) {
+        parameter_state_ = SET_TRUE;
+        enable_ros_time();
+        create_clock_sub();
+      }
+    } else {
+      RCLCPP_ERROR(logger_, "Invalid type for parameter 'use_sim_time' %s should be bool",
+        use_sim_time_param.get_type_name().c_str());
+    }
+  } else {
+    RCLCPP_DEBUG(logger_, "'use_sim_time' parameter not set, using wall time by default.");
+  }
+
+  // TODO(tfoote) use parameters interface not subscribe to events via topic ticketed #609
   parameter_client_ = std::make_shared<rclcpp::AsyncParametersClient>(
     node_base_,
     node_topics_,
@@ -86,6 +115,9 @@ void TimeSource::detachNode()
   node_topics_.reset();
   node_graph_.reset();
   node_services_.reset();
+  node_logging_.reset();
+  node_clock_.reset();
+  node_parameters_.reset();
   disable_ros_time();
 }
 
@@ -97,11 +129,12 @@ void TimeSource::attachClock(std::shared_ptr<rclcpp::Clock> clock)
 
   std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(clock_list_lock_);
   associated_clocks_.push_back(clock);
-  // Set the clock if there's already data for it
+  // Set the clock to zero unless there's a recently received message
+  auto time_msg = std::make_shared<builtin_interfaces::msg::Time>();
   if (last_msg_set_) {
-    auto time_msg = std::make_shared<builtin_interfaces::msg::Time>(last_msg_set_->clock);
-    set_clock(time_msg, ros_time_active_, clock);
+    time_msg = std::make_shared<builtin_interfaces::msg::Time>(last_msg_set_->clock);
   }
+  set_clock(time_msg, ros_time_active_, clock);
 }
 
 void TimeSource::detachClock(std::shared_ptr<rclcpp::Clock> clock)
@@ -111,13 +144,15 @@ void TimeSource::detachClock(std::shared_ptr<rclcpp::Clock> clock)
   if (result != associated_clocks_.end()) {
     associated_clocks_.erase(result);
   } else {
-    RCUTILS_LOG_ERROR("Failed to remove clock");
+    RCLCPP_ERROR(logger_, "failed to remove clock");
   }
 }
 
 TimeSource::~TimeSource()
 {
-  if (node_base_ || node_topics_ || node_graph_ || node_services_) {
+  if (node_base_ || node_topics_ || node_graph_ || node_services_ ||
+    node_logging_ || node_clock_ || node_parameters_)
+  {
     this->detachNode();
   }
 }
@@ -200,7 +235,7 @@ void TimeSource::on_parameter_event(const rcl_interfaces::msg::ParameterEvent::S
       rclcpp::ParameterEventsFilter::EventType::CHANGED});
   for (auto & it : filter.get_events()) {
     if (it.second->value.type != ParameterType::PARAMETER_BOOL) {
-      RCUTILS_LOG_ERROR("use_sim_time parameter set to something besides a bool");
+      RCLCPP_ERROR(logger_, "use_sim_time parameter set to something besides a bool");
       continue;
     }
     if (it.second->value.bool_value) {
@@ -251,13 +286,14 @@ void TimeSource::enable_ros_time()
   // Local storage
   ros_time_active_ = true;
 
-  // Update all attached clocks
+  // Update all attached clocks to zero or last recorded time
   std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(clock_list_lock_);
+  auto time_msg = std::make_shared<builtin_interfaces::msg::Time>();
+  if (last_msg_set_) {
+    time_msg = std::make_shared<builtin_interfaces::msg::Time>(last_msg_set_->clock);
+  }
   for (auto it = associated_clocks_.begin(); it != associated_clocks_.end(); ++it) {
-    auto msg = std::make_shared<builtin_interfaces::msg::Time>();
-    msg->sec = 0;
-    msg->nanosec = 0;
-    set_clock(msg, true, *it);
+    set_clock(time_msg, true, *it);
   }
 }
 

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/timer.cpp

@@ -18,13 +18,22 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <memory>
 
+#include "rclcpp/contexts/default_context.hpp"
 #include "rcutils/logging_macros.h"
 
 using rclcpp::TimerBase;
 
-TimerBase::TimerBase(rclcpp::Clock::SharedPtr clock, std::chrono::nanoseconds period)
+TimerBase::TimerBase(
+  rclcpp::Clock::SharedPtr clock,
+  std::chrono::nanoseconds period,
+  rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr context)
+: clock_(clock), timer_handle_(nullptr)
 {
-  clock_ = clock;
+  if (nullptr == context) {
+    context = rclcpp::contexts::default_context::get_global_default_context();
+  }
+
+  auto rcl_context = context->get_rcl_context();
 
   timer_handle_ = std::shared_ptr<rcl_timer_t>(
     new rcl_timer_t, [ = ](rcl_timer_t * timer) mutable
@@ -36,15 +45,16 @@ TimerBase::TimerBase(rclcpp::Clock::SharedPtr clock, std::chrono::nanoseconds pe
         rcl_reset_error();
       }
       delete timer;
-      // Captured shared pointer by copy, reset to make sure timer is finalized before clock
+      // Captured shared pointers by copy, reset to make sure timer is finalized before clock
       clock.reset();
+      rcl_context.reset();
     });
 
   *timer_handle_.get() = rcl_get_zero_initialized_timer();
 
   rcl_clock_t * clock_handle = clock_->get_clock_handle();
   if (rcl_timer_init(
-      timer_handle_.get(), clock_handle, period.count(), nullptr,
+      timer_handle_.get(), clock_handle, rcl_context.get(), period.count(), nullptr,
       rcl_get_default_allocator()) != RCL_RET_OK)
   {
     RCUTILS_LOG_ERROR_NAMED(

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/utilities.cpp

@@ -14,189 +14,50 @@
 
 #include "rclcpp/utilities.hpp"
 
-#include <atomic>
-#include <condition_variable>
-#include <csignal>
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <map>
-#include <mutex>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include "./signal_handler.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/contexts/default_context.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/exceptions.hpp"
 
 #include "rcl/error_handling.h"
 #include "rcl/rcl.h"
 
-#include "rmw/error_handling.h"
-#include "rmw/rmw.h"
-
-#include "rcutils/logging_macros.h"
-
-// Determine if sigaction is available
-#if __APPLE__ || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 1 || _XOPEN_SOURCE || _POSIX_SOURCE
-#define HAS_SIGACTION
-#endif
-
-/// Represent the status of the global interrupt signal.
-static volatile sig_atomic_t g_signal_status = 0;
-/// Guard conditions for interrupting the rmw implementation when the global interrupt signal fired.
-static std::map<rcl_wait_set_t *, rcl_guard_condition_t> g_sigint_guard_cond_handles;
-/// Mutex to protect g_sigint_guard_cond_handles
-static std::mutex g_sigint_guard_cond_handles_mutex;
-/// Condition variable for timed sleep (see sleep_for).
-static std::condition_variable g_interrupt_condition_variable;
-static std::atomic<bool> g_is_interrupted(false);
-/// Mutex for protecting the global condition variable.
-static std::mutex g_interrupt_mutex;
-
-#ifdef HAS_SIGACTION
-static struct sigaction old_action;
-#else
-typedef void (* signal_handler_t)(int);
-static signal_handler_t old_signal_handler = 0;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef HAS_SIGACTION
-struct sigaction
-set_sigaction(int signal_value, const struct sigaction & action)
-#else
-signal_handler_t
-set_signal_handler(int signal_value, signal_handler_t signal_handler)
-#endif
+void
+rclcpp::init(int argc, char const * const argv[], const rclcpp::InitOptions & init_options)
 {
-#ifdef HAS_SIGACTION
-  struct sigaction old_action;
-  ssize_t ret = sigaction(signal_value, &action, &old_action);
-  if (ret == -1)
-#else
-  signal_handler_t old_signal_handler = std::signal(signal_value, signal_handler);
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability/braces)
-  if (old_signal_handler == SIG_ERR)
-#endif
-  {
-    const size_t error_length = 1024;
-    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(runtime/arrays)
-    char error_string[error_length];
-#ifndef _WIN32
-#if (defined(_GNU_SOURCE) && !defined(ANDROID))
-    char * msg = strerror_r(errno, error_string, error_length);
-    if (msg != error_string) {
-      strncpy(error_string, msg, error_length);
-      msg[error_length - 1] = '\0';
-    }
-#else
-    int error_status = strerror_r(errno, error_string, error_length);
-    if (error_status != 0) {
-      throw std::runtime_error("Failed to get error string for errno: " + std::to_string(errno));
-    }
-#endif
-#else
-    strerror_s(error_string, error_length, errno);
-#endif
-    // *INDENT-OFF* (prevent uncrustify from making unnecessary indents here)
-    throw std::runtime_error(
-      std::string("Failed to set SIGINT signal handler: (" + std::to_string(errno) + ")") +
-      error_string);
-    // *INDENT-ON*
-  }
-
-#ifdef HAS_SIGACTION
-  return old_action;
-#else
-  return old_signal_handler;
-#endif
+  using rclcpp::contexts::default_context::get_global_default_context;
+  get_global_default_context()->init(argc, argv, init_options);
+  // Install the signal handlers.
+  rclcpp::install_signal_handlers();
 }
 
-void
-trigger_interrupt_guard_condition(int signal_value)
+bool
+rclcpp::install_signal_handlers()
 {
-  g_signal_status = signal_value;
-  {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_sigint_guard_cond_handles_mutex);
-    for (auto & kv : g_sigint_guard_cond_handles) {
-      rcl_ret_t status = rcl_trigger_guard_condition(&(kv.second));
-      if (status != RCL_RET_OK) {
-        RCUTILS_LOG_ERROR_NAMED(
-          "rclcpp",
-          "failed to trigger guard condition: %s", rcl_get_error_string().str);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  g_is_interrupted.store(true);
-  g_interrupt_condition_variable.notify_all();
+  return rclcpp::SignalHandler::get_global_signal_handler().install();
 }
 
-void
-#ifdef HAS_SIGACTION
-signal_handler(int signal_value, siginfo_t * siginfo, void * context)
-#else
-signal_handler(int signal_value)
-#endif
+bool
+rclcpp::signal_handlers_installed()
 {
-  // TODO(wjwwood): remove? move to console logging at some point?
-  printf("signal_handler(%d)\n", signal_value);
-
-#ifdef HAS_SIGACTION
-  if (old_action.sa_flags & SA_SIGINFO) {
-    if (old_action.sa_sigaction != NULL) {
-      old_action.sa_sigaction(signal_value, siginfo, context);
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (
-      old_action.sa_handler != NULL &&  // Is set
-      old_action.sa_handler != SIG_DFL &&  // Is not default
-      old_action.sa_handler != SIG_IGN)  // Is not ignored
-    {
-      old_action.sa_handler(signal_value);
-    }
-  }
-#else
-  if (old_signal_handler) {
-    old_signal_handler(signal_value);
-  }
-#endif
-
-  trigger_interrupt_guard_condition(signal_value);
+  return rclcpp::SignalHandler::get_global_signal_handler().is_installed();
 }
 
-void
-rclcpp::init(int argc, char const * const argv[])
+bool
+rclcpp::uninstall_signal_handlers()
 {
-  g_is_interrupted.store(false);
-  if (rcl_init(argc, argv, rcl_get_default_allocator()) != RCL_RET_OK) {
-    std::string msg = "failed to initialize rmw implementation: ";
-    msg += rcl_get_error_string().str;
-    rcl_reset_error();
-    throw std::runtime_error(msg);
-  }
-#ifdef HAS_SIGACTION
-  struct sigaction action;
-  memset(&action, 0, sizeof(action));
-  sigemptyset(&action.sa_mask);
-  action.sa_sigaction = ::signal_handler;
-  action.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
-  ::old_action = set_sigaction(SIGINT, action);
-  // Register an on_shutdown hook to restore the old action.
-  rclcpp::on_shutdown(
-    []() {
-      set_sigaction(SIGINT, ::old_action);
-    });
-#else
-  ::old_signal_handler = set_signal_handler(SIGINT, ::signal_handler);
-  // Register an on_shutdown hook to restore the old signal handler.
-  rclcpp::on_shutdown(
-    []() {
-      set_signal_handler(SIGINT, ::old_signal_handler);
-    });
-#endif
+  return rclcpp::SignalHandler::get_global_signal_handler().uninstall();
 }
 
 std::vector<std::string>
-rclcpp::init_and_remove_ros_arguments(int argc, char const * const argv[])
+rclcpp::init_and_remove_ros_arguments(
+  int argc,
+  char const * const argv[],
+  const rclcpp::InitOptions & init_options)
 {
-  rclcpp::init(argc, argv);
+  rclcpp::init(argc, argv, init_options);
   return rclcpp::remove_ros_arguments(argc, argv);
 }
 
@@ -210,7 +71,7 @@ rclcpp::remove_ros_arguments(int argc, char const * const argv[])
 
   ret = rcl_parse_arguments(argc, argv, alloc, &parsed_args);
   if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
-    exceptions::throw_from_rcl_error(ret, "failed to parse arguments");
+    rclcpp::exceptions::throw_from_rcl_error(ret, "failed to parse arguments");
   }
 
   int nonros_argc = 0;
@@ -225,7 +86,7 @@ rclcpp::remove_ros_arguments(int argc, char const * const argv[])
 
   if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
     // Not using throw_from_rcl_error, because we may need to append deallocation failures.
-    exceptions::RCLErrorBase base_exc(ret, rcl_get_error_state());
+    rclcpp::exceptions::RCLErrorBase base_exc(ret, rcl_get_error_state());
     rcl_reset_error();
     if (NULL != nonros_argv) {
       alloc.deallocate(nonros_argv, alloc.state);
@@ -236,7 +97,7 @@ rclcpp::remove_ros_arguments(int argc, char const * const argv[])
         rcl_get_error_string().str;
       rcl_reset_error();
     }
-    throw exceptions::RCLError(base_exc, "");
+    throw rclcpp::exceptions::RCLError(base_exc, "");
   }
 
   std::vector<std::string> return_arguments;
@@ -252,106 +113,62 @@ rclcpp::remove_ros_arguments(int argc, char const * const argv[])
 
   ret = rcl_arguments_fini(&parsed_args);
   if (RCL_RET_OK != ret) {
-    exceptions::throw_from_rcl_error(ret, "failed to cleanup parsed arguments, leaking memory");
+    rclcpp::exceptions::throw_from_rcl_error(
+      ret, "failed to cleanup parsed arguments, leaking memory");
   }
 
   return return_arguments;
 }
 
 bool
-rclcpp::ok()
+rclcpp::ok(rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr context)
 {
-  return ::g_signal_status == 0;
+  using rclcpp::contexts::default_context::get_global_default_context;
+  if (nullptr == context) {
+    context = get_global_default_context();
+  }
+  return context->is_valid();
 }
 
 bool
-rclcpp::is_initialized()
+rclcpp::is_initialized(rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr context)
 {
-  return rcl_ok();
-}
-
-static std::mutex on_shutdown_mutex_;
-static std::vector<std::function<void(void)>> on_shutdown_callbacks_;
-
-void
-rclcpp::shutdown()
-{
-  trigger_interrupt_guard_condition(SIGINT);
-
-  {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(on_shutdown_mutex_);
-    for (auto & on_shutdown_callback : on_shutdown_callbacks_) {
-      on_shutdown_callback();
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void
-rclcpp::on_shutdown(std::function<void(void)> callback)
-{
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(on_shutdown_mutex_);
-  on_shutdown_callbacks_.push_back(callback);
-}
-
-rcl_guard_condition_t *
-rclcpp::get_sigint_guard_condition(rcl_wait_set_t * wait_set)
-{
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_sigint_guard_cond_handles_mutex);
-  auto kv = g_sigint_guard_cond_handles.find(wait_set);
-  if (kv != g_sigint_guard_cond_handles.end()) {
-    return &kv->second;
-  } else {
-    rcl_guard_condition_t handle =
-      rcl_get_zero_initialized_guard_condition();
-    rcl_guard_condition_options_t options = rcl_guard_condition_get_default_options();
-    if (rcl_guard_condition_init(&handle, options) != RCL_RET_OK) {
-      // *INDENT-OFF* (prevent uncrustify from making unnecessary indents here)
-      throw std::runtime_error(std::string(
-        "Couldn't initialize guard condition: ") + rcl_get_error_string().str);
-      // *INDENT-ON*
-    }
-    g_sigint_guard_cond_handles[wait_set] = handle;
-    return &g_sigint_guard_cond_handles[wait_set];
-  }
-}
-
-void
-rclcpp::release_sigint_guard_condition(rcl_wait_set_t * wait_set)
-{
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_sigint_guard_cond_handles_mutex);
-  auto kv = g_sigint_guard_cond_handles.find(wait_set);
-  if (kv != g_sigint_guard_cond_handles.end()) {
-    if (rcl_guard_condition_fini(&kv->second) != RCL_RET_OK) {
-      // *INDENT-OFF* (prevent uncrustify from making unnecessary indents here)
-      throw std::runtime_error(std::string(
-        "Failed to destroy sigint guard condition: ") +
-        rcl_get_error_string().str);
-      // *INDENT-ON*
-    }
-    g_sigint_guard_cond_handles.erase(kv);
-  } else {
-    // *INDENT-OFF* (prevent uncrustify from making unnecessary indents here)
-    throw std::runtime_error(std::string(
-      "Tried to release sigint guard condition for nonexistent wait set"));
-    // *INDENT-ON*
-  }
+  return rclcpp::ok(context);
 }
 
 bool
-rclcpp::sleep_for(const std::chrono::nanoseconds & nanoseconds)
+rclcpp::shutdown(rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr context, const std::string & reason)
 {
-  std::chrono::nanoseconds time_left = nanoseconds;
-  {
-    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(::g_interrupt_mutex);
-    auto start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
-    ::g_interrupt_condition_variable.wait_for(lock, nanoseconds);
-    time_left -= std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start;
+  using rclcpp::contexts::default_context::get_global_default_context;
+  auto default_context = get_global_default_context();
+  if (nullptr == context) {
+    context = default_context;
   }
-  if (time_left > std::chrono::nanoseconds::zero() && !g_is_interrupted) {
-    return sleep_for(time_left);
+  bool ret = context->shutdown(reason);
+  if (context == default_context) {
+    rclcpp::uninstall_signal_handlers();
   }
-  // Return true if the timeout elapsed successfully, otherwise false.
-  return !g_is_interrupted;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+void
+rclcpp::on_shutdown(std::function<void()> callback, rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr context)
+{
+  using rclcpp::contexts::default_context::get_global_default_context;
+  if (nullptr == context) {
+    context = get_global_default_context();
+  }
+  context->on_shutdown(callback);
+}
+
+bool
+rclcpp::sleep_for(const std::chrono::nanoseconds & nanoseconds, rclcpp::Context::SharedPtr context)
+{
+  using rclcpp::contexts::default_context::get_global_default_context;
+  if (nullptr == context) {
+    context = get_global_default_context();
+  }
+  return context->sleep_for(nanoseconds);
 }
 
 const char *

rclcpp/src/rclcpp/waitable.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "rclcpp/waitable.hpp"
+
+using rclcpp::Waitable;
+
+size_t
+Waitable::get_number_of_ready_subscriptions()
+{
+  return 0u;
+}
+
+size_t
+Waitable::get_number_of_ready_timers()
+{
+  return 0u;
+}
+
+size_t
+Waitable::get_number_of_ready_clients()
+{
+  return 0u;
+}
+
+size_t
+Waitable::get_number_of_ready_services()
+{
+  return 0u;
+}
+
+size_t
+Waitable::get_number_of_ready_guard_conditions()
+{
+  return 0u;
+}

rclcpp/test/test_client.cpp

@@ -43,6 +43,28 @@ protected:
   rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr node;
 };
 
+class TestClientSub : public ::testing::Test
+{
+protected:
+  static void SetUpTestCase()
+  {
+  }
+
+  void SetUp()
+  {
+    node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "/ns");
+    subnode = node->create_sub_node("sub_ns");
+  }
+
+  void TearDown()
+  {
+    node.reset();
+  }
+
+  rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr node;
+  rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr subnode;
+};
+
 /*
    Testing client construction and destruction.
  */
@@ -58,3 +80,20 @@ TEST_F(TestClient, construction_and_destruction) {
     }, rclcpp::exceptions::InvalidServiceNameError);
   }
 }
+
+/*
+   Testing client construction and destruction for subnodes.
+ */
+TEST_F(TestClientSub, construction_and_destruction) {
+  using rcl_interfaces::srv::ListParameters;
+  {
+    auto client = subnode->create_client<ListParameters>("service");
+    EXPECT_STREQ(client->get_service_name(), "/ns/sub_ns/service");
+  }
+
+  {
+    ASSERT_THROW({
+      auto client = node->create_client<ListParameters>("invalid_service?");
+    }, rclcpp::exceptions::InvalidServiceNameError);
+  }
+}

rclcpp/test/test_init.cpp

@@ -25,5 +25,5 @@ TEST(TestInit, is_initialized) {
 
   rclcpp::shutdown();
 
-  EXPECT_TRUE(rclcpp::is_initialized());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(rclcpp::is_initialized());
 }

rclcpp/test/test_local_parameters.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
+
+TEST(test_local_parameters, set_parameter_if_not_set) {
+  auto node = rclcpp::Node::make_shared("test_local_parameters_set_parameter_if_not_set");
+
+  {
+    // try to set a map of parameters
+    std::map<std::string, double> bar_map{
+      {"x", 0.5},
+      {"y", 1.0},
+    };
+    node->set_parameters_if_not_set("bar", bar_map);
+    double bar_x_value;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(node->get_parameter("bar.x", bar_x_value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(bar_x_value, 0.5);
+    double bar_y_value;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(node->get_parameter("bar.y", bar_y_value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(bar_y_value, 1.0);
+    std::map<std::string, double> new_map;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(node->get_parameters("bar", new_map));
+    ASSERT_EQ(new_map.size(), 2U);
+    EXPECT_EQ(new_map["x"], 0.5);
+    EXPECT_EQ(new_map["y"], 1.0);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // try to get a map of parameters that doesn't exist
+    std::map<std::string, double> no_exist_map;
+    ASSERT_FALSE(node->get_parameters("no_exist", no_exist_map));
+  }
+
+  {
+    // set parameters for a map with different types, then try to get them back as a map
+    node->set_parameter_if_not_set("baz.x", 1.0);
+    node->set_parameter_if_not_set("baz.y", "hello");
+    std::map<std::string, double> baz_map;
+    EXPECT_THROW(node->get_parameters("baz", baz_map), rclcpp::ParameterTypeException);
+  }
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char ** argv)
+{
+  ::setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ);
+
+  // NOTE: use custom main to ensure that rclcpp::init is called only once
+  rclcpp::init(argc, argv);
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  int ret = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+  rclcpp::shutdown();
+  return ret;
+}

rclcpp/test/test_node.cpp

@@ -57,21 +57,168 @@ TEST_F(TestNode, get_name_and_namespace) {
     auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "/ns");
     EXPECT_STREQ("my_node", node->get_name());
     EXPECT_STREQ("/ns", node->get_namespace());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("/ns/my_node", node->get_fully_qualified_name());
+  }
+  {
+    auto options = rclcpp::NodeOptions()
+      .arguments({"__ns:=/another_ns"});
+    auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "/ns", options);
+    EXPECT_STREQ("my_node", node->get_name());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("/another_ns", node->get_namespace());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("/another_ns/my_node", node->get_fully_qualified_name());
   }
   {
     auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "ns");
     EXPECT_STREQ("my_node", node->get_name());
     EXPECT_STREQ("/ns", node->get_namespace());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("/ns/my_node", node->get_fully_qualified_name());
+  }
+  {
+    auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node");
+    EXPECT_STREQ("my_node", node->get_name());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("/", node->get_namespace());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("/my_node", node->get_fully_qualified_name());
+  }
+  {
+    auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "");
+    EXPECT_STREQ("my_node", node->get_name());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("/", node->get_namespace());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("/my_node", node->get_fully_qualified_name());
   }
   {
     auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "/my/ns");
     EXPECT_STREQ("my_node", node->get_name());
     EXPECT_STREQ("/my/ns", node->get_namespace());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("/my/ns/my_node", node->get_fully_qualified_name());
   }
   {
     auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "my/ns");
     EXPECT_STREQ("my_node", node->get_name());
     EXPECT_STREQ("/my/ns", node->get_namespace());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("/my/ns/my_node", node->get_fully_qualified_name());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestNode, subnode_get_name_and_namespace) {
+  {
+    auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "ns");
+    auto subnode = node->create_sub_node("sub_ns");
+    EXPECT_STREQ("my_node", subnode->get_name());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("/ns", subnode->get_namespace());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("sub_ns", subnode->get_sub_namespace().c_str());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("/ns/sub_ns", subnode->get_effective_namespace().c_str());
+  }
+  {
+    auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "/ns");
+    auto subnode = node->create_sub_node("sub_ns");
+    EXPECT_STREQ("my_node", subnode->get_name());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("/ns", subnode->get_namespace());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("sub_ns", subnode->get_sub_namespace().c_str());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("/ns/sub_ns", subnode->get_effective_namespace().c_str());
+  }
+  {
+    auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node");
+    auto subnode = node->create_sub_node("sub_ns");
+    EXPECT_STREQ("my_node", subnode->get_name());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("/", subnode->get_namespace());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("sub_ns", subnode->get_sub_namespace().c_str());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("/sub_ns", subnode->get_effective_namespace().c_str());
+  }
+  {
+    auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "/ns");
+    auto subnode = node->create_sub_node("sub_ns");
+    EXPECT_STREQ("my_node", subnode->get_name());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("/ns", subnode->get_namespace());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("sub_ns", subnode->get_sub_namespace().c_str());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("/ns/sub_ns", subnode->get_effective_namespace().c_str());
+    auto subnode2 = subnode->create_sub_node("sub_ns2");
+    EXPECT_STREQ("my_node", subnode2->get_name());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("/ns", subnode2->get_namespace());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("sub_ns/sub_ns2", subnode2->get_sub_namespace().c_str());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("/ns/sub_ns/sub_ns2", subnode2->get_effective_namespace().c_str());
+  }
+  {
+    auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node");
+    auto subnode = node->create_sub_node("sub_ns");
+    EXPECT_STREQ("my_node", subnode->get_name());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("/", subnode->get_namespace());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("sub_ns", subnode->get_sub_namespace().c_str());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("/sub_ns", subnode->get_effective_namespace().c_str());
+    auto subnode2 = subnode->create_sub_node("sub_ns2");
+    EXPECT_STREQ("my_node", subnode2->get_name());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("/", subnode2->get_namespace());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("sub_ns/sub_ns2", subnode2->get_sub_namespace().c_str());
+    EXPECT_STREQ("/sub_ns/sub_ns2", subnode2->get_effective_namespace().c_str());
+  }
+  {
+    auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node");
+    ASSERT_THROW({
+      auto subnode = node->create_sub_node("/sub_ns");
+    }, rclcpp::exceptions::NameValidationError);
+  }
+}
+/*
+   Testing node construction and destruction.
+ */
+TEST_F(TestNode, subnode_construction_and_destruction) {
+  {
+    ASSERT_NO_THROW({
+      auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "ns");
+      auto subnode = node->create_sub_node("sub_ns");
+    });
+  }
+  {
+    ASSERT_THROW({
+      auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "ns");
+      auto subnode = node->create_sub_node("invalid_ns?");
+    }, rclcpp::exceptions::InvalidNamespaceError);
+  }
+  {
+    ASSERT_THROW({
+      auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "ns/");
+    }, rclcpp::exceptions::InvalidNamespaceError);
+  }
+  {
+    ASSERT_THROW({
+      auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "ns/");
+      auto subnode = node->create_sub_node("/sub_ns");
+    }, rclcpp::exceptions::InvalidNamespaceError);
+  }
+  {
+    ASSERT_THROW({
+      auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "ns");
+      auto subnode = node->create_sub_node("/sub_ns");
+    }, rclcpp::exceptions::NameValidationError);
+  }
+  {
+    ASSERT_THROW({
+      auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "ns");
+      auto subnode = node->create_sub_node("~sub_ns");
+    }, rclcpp::exceptions::InvalidNamespaceError);
+  }
+  {
+    ASSERT_THROW({
+      auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "/ns");
+      auto subnode = node->create_sub_node("invalid_ns?");
+    }, rclcpp::exceptions::InvalidNamespaceError);
+  }
+  {
+    ASSERT_NO_THROW({
+      auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "/ns");
+      auto subnode = node->create_sub_node("sub_ns");
+    });
+  }
+  {
+    ASSERT_THROW({
+      auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "/ns");
+      auto subnode = node->create_sub_node("/sub_ns");
+    }, rclcpp::exceptions::NameValidationError);
+  }
+  {
+    ASSERT_THROW({
+      auto node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "/ns");
+      auto subnode = node->create_sub_node("~sub_ns");
+    }, rclcpp::exceptions::InvalidNamespaceError);
   }
 }
 

rclcpp/test/test_node_global_args.cpp

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #include "rclcpp/exceptions.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/node.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/node_options.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
 
 class TestNodeWithGlobalArgs : public ::testing::Test
@@ -33,32 +34,26 @@ protected:
 };
 
 TEST_F(TestNodeWithGlobalArgs, local_arguments_before_global) {
-  auto context = rclcpp::contexts::default_context::get_global_default_context();
-  const std::vector<std::string> arguments = {"__node:=local_arguments_test"};
-  const std::vector<rclcpp::Parameter> initial_values = {};
-  const bool use_global_arguments = true;
-  const bool use_intra_process = false;
-  auto node = rclcpp::Node::make_shared(
-    "orig_name", "", context, arguments, initial_values, use_global_arguments, use_intra_process);
+  auto options = rclcpp::NodeOptions()
+    .arguments({"__node:=local_arguments_test"});
+
+  auto node = rclcpp::Node::make_shared("orig_name", options);
   EXPECT_STREQ("local_arguments_test", node->get_name());
 }
 
 TEST_F(TestNodeWithGlobalArgs, use_or_ignore_global_arguments) {
-  auto context = rclcpp::contexts::default_context::get_global_default_context();
-  const std::vector<std::string> arguments = {};
-  const std::vector<rclcpp::Parameter> initial_values = {};
-  const bool use_intra_process = false;
-
   {  // Don't use global args
-    const bool use_global_arguments = false;
-    auto node = rclcpp::Node::make_shared(
-      "orig_name", "", context, arguments, initial_values, use_global_arguments, use_intra_process);
+    auto options = rclcpp::NodeOptions()
+      .use_global_arguments(false);
+
+    auto node = rclcpp::Node::make_shared("orig_name", options);
     EXPECT_STREQ("orig_name", node->get_name());
   }
   {  // Do use global args
-    const bool use_global_arguments = true;
-    auto node = rclcpp::Node::make_shared(
-      "orig_name", "", context, arguments, initial_values, use_global_arguments, use_intra_process);
+    auto options = rclcpp::NodeOptions()
+      .use_global_arguments(true);
+
+    auto node = rclcpp::Node::make_shared("orig_name", options);
     EXPECT_STREQ("global_node_name", node->get_name());
   }
 }

rclcpp/test/test_node_initial_parameters.cpp

@@ -36,29 +36,28 @@ protected:
 };
 
 TEST_F(TestNodeWithInitialValues, no_initial_values) {
-  auto context = rclcpp::contexts::default_context::get_global_default_context();
-  const std::vector<std::string> arguments = {};
-  const std::vector<rclcpp::Parameter> initial_values = {};
-  const bool use_global_arguments = false;
-  const bool use_intra_process = false;
-  auto node = rclcpp::Node::make_shared(
-    "node_name", "", context, arguments, initial_values, use_global_arguments, use_intra_process);
+  auto options = rclcpp::NodeOptions()
+    .use_intra_process_comms(false)
+    .use_global_arguments(false);
+
+  auto node = rclcpp::Node::make_shared("node_name", options);
   auto list_params_result = node->list_parameters({}, 0);
   EXPECT_EQ(0u, list_params_result.names.size());
 }
 
 TEST_F(TestNodeWithInitialValues, multiple_initial_values) {
-  auto context = rclcpp::contexts::default_context::get_global_default_context();
-  const std::vector<std::string> arguments = {};
-  const std::vector<rclcpp::Parameter> initial_values = {
+  auto parameters = std::vector<rclcpp::Parameter>({
     rclcpp::Parameter("foo", true),
     rclcpp::Parameter("bar", "hello world"),
     rclcpp::Parameter("baz", std::vector<double>{3.14, 2.718})
-  };
-  const bool use_global_arguments = false;
-  const bool use_intra_process = false;
-  auto node = rclcpp::Node::make_shared(
-    "node_name", "", context, arguments, initial_values, use_global_arguments, use_intra_process);
+  });
+
+  auto options = rclcpp::NodeOptions()
+    .initial_parameters(parameters)
+    .use_global_arguments(false)
+    .use_intra_process_comms(false);
+
+  auto node = rclcpp::Node::make_shared("node_name", options);
   auto list_params_result = node->list_parameters({}, 0);
   EXPECT_EQ(3u, list_params_result.names.size());
   EXPECT_TRUE(node->get_parameter("foo").get_value<bool>());

rclcpp/test/test_pub_sub_option_interface.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Copyright 2019 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
+#include "test_msgs/msg/empty.hpp"
+
+class TestPubSubOptionAPI : public ::testing::Test
+{
+protected:
+  static void SetUpTestCase()
+  {
+    rclcpp::init(0, nullptr);
+  }
+
+  void SetUp()
+  {
+    node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "/ns");
+  }
+
+  void TearDown()
+  {
+    node.reset();
+  }
+
+  rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr node;
+};
+
+TEST_F(TestPubSubOptionAPI, check_for_ambiguous) {
+  rclcpp::PublisherOptions pub_options;
+  rclcpp::SubscriptionOptions sub_options;
+
+  auto topic_only_pub = node->create_publisher<test_msgs::msg::Empty>(
+    "topic_only");
+  auto topic_depth_pub = node->create_publisher<test_msgs::msg::Empty>(
+    "topic_depth",
+    10);
+  auto all_options_pub = node->create_publisher<test_msgs::msg::Empty>(
+    "topic_options",
+    10,
+    pub_options);
+
+  auto topic_only_sub = node->create_subscription<test_msgs::msg::Empty>(
+    "topic_only",
+    [](std::shared_ptr<test_msgs::msg::Empty>) {});
+  auto topic_depth_sub = node->create_subscription<test_msgs::msg::Empty>(
+    "topic_depth",
+    [](std::shared_ptr<test_msgs::msg::Empty>) {},
+    10);
+  auto all_options_sub = node->create_subscription<test_msgs::msg::Empty>(
+    "topic_options",
+    [](std::shared_ptr<test_msgs::msg::Empty>) {},
+    10,
+    sub_options);
+}

rclcpp/test/test_publisher.cpp

@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ protected:
     rclcpp::init(0, nullptr);
   }
 
-  void SetUp()
+  void initialize(const rclcpp::NodeOptions & node_options = rclcpp::NodeOptions())
   {
-    node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "/ns");
+    node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "/ns", node_options);
   }
 
   void TearDown()
@@ -43,10 +43,33 @@ protected:
   rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr node;
 };
 
+class TestPublisherSub : public ::testing::Test
+{
+protected:
+  static void SetUpTestCase()
+  {
+  }
+
+  void SetUp()
+  {
+    node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "/ns");
+    subnode = node->create_sub_node("sub_ns");
+  }
+
+  void TearDown()
+  {
+    node.reset();
+  }
+
+  rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr node;
+  rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr subnode;
+};
+
 /*
    Testing publisher construction and destruction.
  */
 TEST_F(TestPublisher, construction_and_destruction) {
+  initialize();
   using rcl_interfaces::msg::IntraProcessMessage;
   {
     auto publisher = node->create_publisher<IntraProcessMessage>("topic");
@@ -58,3 +81,47 @@ TEST_F(TestPublisher, construction_and_destruction) {
     }, rclcpp::exceptions::InvalidTopicNameError);
   }
 }
+
+/*
+   Testing publisher with intraprocess enabled and invalid QoS
+ */
+TEST_F(TestPublisher, intraprocess_with_invalid_qos) {
+  initialize(rclcpp::NodeOptions().use_intra_process_comms(true));
+  rmw_qos_profile_t qos = {
+    RMW_QOS_POLICY_HISTORY_KEEP_LAST,
+    1,
+    RMW_QOS_POLICY_RELIABILITY_RELIABLE,
+    RMW_QOS_POLICY_DURABILITY_TRANSIENT_LOCAL,
+    false
+  };
+  using rcl_interfaces::msg::IntraProcessMessage;
+  {
+    ASSERT_THROW(
+      {auto publisher = node->create_publisher<IntraProcessMessage>("topic", qos);},
+      rclcpp::exceptions::InvalidParametersException);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+   Testing publisher construction and destruction for subnodes.
+ */
+TEST_F(TestPublisherSub, construction_and_destruction) {
+  using rcl_interfaces::msg::IntraProcessMessage;
+  {
+    auto publisher = subnode->create_publisher<IntraProcessMessage>("topic");
+
+    EXPECT_STREQ(publisher->get_topic_name(), "/ns/sub_ns/topic");
+  }
+
+  {
+    auto publisher = subnode->create_publisher<IntraProcessMessage>("/topic");
+
+    EXPECT_STREQ(publisher->get_topic_name(), "/topic");
+  }
+
+  {
+    ASSERT_THROW({
+      auto publisher = subnode->create_publisher<IntraProcessMessage>("invalid_topic?");
+    }, rclcpp::exceptions::InvalidTopicNameError);
+  }
+}

rclcpp/test/test_publisher_subscription_count_api.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+// Copyright 2019 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "rclcpp/exceptions.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/publisher.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
+
+#include "rcl_interfaces/msg/intra_process_message.hpp"
+
+using rcl_interfaces::msg::IntraProcessMessage;
+
+/**
+ * Parameterized test.
+ * The first param are the NodeOptions used to create the nodes.
+ * The second param are the expect intraprocess count results.
+ */
+struct TestParameters
+{
+  rclcpp::NodeOptions node_options[2];
+  uint64_t intraprocess_count_results[2];
+  std::string description;
+};
+
+std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & out, const TestParameters & params)
+{
+  out << params.description;
+  return out;
+}
+
+class TestPublisherSubscriptionCount : public ::testing::TestWithParam<TestParameters>
+{
+public:
+  static void SetUpTestCase()
+  {
+    rclcpp::init(0, nullptr);
+  }
+
+protected:
+  void SetUp() {}
+
+  void TearDown() {}
+
+  static std::chrono::milliseconds offset;
+};
+
+std::chrono::milliseconds TestPublisherSubscriptionCount::offset = std::chrono::milliseconds(2000);
+
+void OnMessage(const rcl_interfaces::msg::IntraProcessMessage::SharedPtr msg)
+{
+  (void)msg;
+}
+
+TEST_P(TestPublisherSubscriptionCount, increasing_and_decreasing_counts)
+{
+  TestParameters parameters = GetParam();
+  rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>(
+    "my_node",
+    "/ns",
+    parameters.node_options[0]);
+  auto publisher = node->create_publisher<IntraProcessMessage>("/topic");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(publisher->get_subscription_count(), 0u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(publisher->get_intra_process_subscription_count(), 0u);
+  {
+    auto sub = node->create_subscription<IntraProcessMessage>("/topic", &OnMessage);
+    rclcpp::sleep_for(offset);
+    EXPECT_EQ(publisher->get_subscription_count(), 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(
+      publisher->get_intra_process_subscription_count(),
+      parameters.intraprocess_count_results[0]);
+    {
+      rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr another_node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>(
+        "another_node",
+        "/ns",
+        parameters.node_options[1]);
+      auto another_sub =
+        another_node->create_subscription<IntraProcessMessage>("/topic", &OnMessage);
+
+      rclcpp::sleep_for(offset);
+      EXPECT_EQ(publisher->get_subscription_count(), 2u);
+      EXPECT_EQ(
+        publisher->get_intra_process_subscription_count(),
+        parameters.intraprocess_count_results[1]);
+    }
+    rclcpp::sleep_for(offset);
+    EXPECT_EQ(publisher->get_subscription_count(), 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(
+      publisher->get_intra_process_subscription_count(),
+      parameters.intraprocess_count_results[0]);
+  }
+  /**
+    * Counts should be zero here, as all are subscriptions are out of scope.
+    * Subscriptions count checking is always preceeded with an sleep, as random failures had been
+    * detected without it. */
+  rclcpp::sleep_for(offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(publisher->get_subscription_count(), 0u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(publisher->get_intra_process_subscription_count(), 0u);
+}
+
+auto get_new_context()
+{
+  auto context = rclcpp::Context::make_shared();
+  context->init(0, nullptr);
+  return context;
+}
+
+TestParameters parameters[] = {
+  /*
+     Testing publisher subscription count api and internal process subscription count.
+     Two subscriptions in the same topic, both using intraprocess comm.
+   */
+  {
+    {
+      rclcpp::NodeOptions().use_intra_process_comms(true),
+      rclcpp::NodeOptions().use_intra_process_comms(true)
+    },
+    {1u, 2u},
+    "two_subscriptions_intraprocess_comm"
+  },
+  /*
+     Testing publisher subscription count api and internal process subscription count.
+     Two subscriptions, one using intra-process comm and the other not using it.
+   */
+  {
+    {
+      rclcpp::NodeOptions().use_intra_process_comms(true),
+      rclcpp::NodeOptions().use_intra_process_comms(false)
+    },
+    {1u, 1u},
+    "two_subscriptions_one_intraprocess_one_not"
+  },
+  /*
+     Testing publisher subscription count api and internal process subscription count.
+     Two contexts, both using intra-process.
+   */
+  {
+    {
+      rclcpp::NodeOptions().use_intra_process_comms(true),
+      rclcpp::NodeOptions().context(get_new_context()).use_intra_process_comms(true)
+    },
+    {1u, 1u},
+    "two_subscriptions_in_two_contexts_with_intraprocess_comm"
+  },
+  /*
+     Testing publisher subscription count api and internal process subscription count.
+     Two contexts, both of them not using intra-process comm.
+   */
+  {
+    {
+      rclcpp::NodeOptions().use_intra_process_comms(false),
+      rclcpp::NodeOptions().context(get_new_context()).use_intra_process_comms(false)
+    },
+    {0u, 0u},
+    "two_subscriptions_in_two_contexts_without_intraprocess_comm"
+  }
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
+  TestWithDifferentNodeOptions, TestPublisherSubscriptionCount,
+  ::testing::ValuesIn(parameters),
+  ::testing::PrintToStringParamName());

rclcpp/test/test_service.cpp

@@ -43,6 +43,28 @@ protected:
   rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr node;
 };
 
+class TestServiceSub : public ::testing::Test
+{
+protected:
+  static void SetUpTestCase()
+  {
+  }
+
+  void SetUp()
+  {
+    node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node", "/ns");
+    subnode = node->create_sub_node("sub_ns");
+  }
+
+  void TearDown()
+  {
+    node.reset();
+  }
+
+  rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr node;
+  rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr subnode;
+};
+
 /*
    Testing service construction and destruction.
  */
@@ -61,3 +83,23 @@ TEST_F(TestService, construction_and_destruction) {
     }, rclcpp::exceptions::InvalidServiceNameError);
   }
 }
+
+/*
+   Testing service construction and destruction for subnodes.
+ */
+TEST_F(TestServiceSub, construction_and_destruction) {
+  using rcl_interfaces::srv::ListParameters;
+  auto callback =
+    [](const ListParameters::Request::SharedPtr, ListParameters::Response::SharedPtr) {
+    };
+  {
+    auto service = subnode->create_service<ListParameters>("service", callback);
+    EXPECT_STREQ(service->get_service_name(), "/ns/sub_ns/service");
+  }
+
+  {
+    ASSERT_THROW({
+      auto service = node->create_service<ListParameters>("invalid_service?", callback);
+    }, rclcpp::exceptions::InvalidServiceNameError);
+  }
+}

rclcpp/test/test_subscription.cpp

@@ -49,6 +49,34 @@ protected:
   rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr node;
 };
 
+class TestSubscriptionSub : public ::testing::Test
+{
+public:
+  void OnMessage(const rcl_interfaces::msg::IntraProcessMessage::SharedPtr msg)
+  {
+    (void)msg;
+  }
+
+protected:
+  static void SetUpTestCase()
+  {
+  }
+
+  void SetUp()
+  {
+    node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("test_subscription", "/ns");
+    subnode = node->create_sub_node("sub_ns");
+  }
+
+  void TearDown()
+  {
+    node.reset();
+  }
+
+  rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr node;
+  rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr subnode;
+};
+
 class SubscriptionClassNodeInheritance : public rclcpp::Node
 {
 public:
@@ -107,6 +135,38 @@ TEST_F(TestSubscription, construction_and_destruction) {
   }
 }
 
+/*
+   Testing subscription construction and destruction for subnodes.
+ */
+TEST_F(TestSubscriptionSub, construction_and_destruction) {
+  using rcl_interfaces::msg::IntraProcessMessage;
+  auto callback = [](const IntraProcessMessage::SharedPtr msg) {
+      (void)msg;
+    };
+  {
+    auto sub = subnode->create_subscription<IntraProcessMessage>("topic", callback);
+    EXPECT_STREQ(sub->get_topic_name(), "/ns/sub_ns/topic");
+  }
+
+  {
+    auto sub = subnode->create_subscription<IntraProcessMessage>("/topic", callback);
+    EXPECT_STREQ(sub->get_topic_name(), "/topic");
+  }
+
+  {
+    auto sub = subnode->create_subscription<IntraProcessMessage>("~/topic", callback);
+    std::string expected_topic_name =
+      std::string(node->get_namespace()) + "/" + node->get_name() + "/topic";
+    EXPECT_STREQ(sub->get_topic_name(), expected_topic_name.c_str());
+  }
+
+  {
+    ASSERT_THROW({
+      auto sub = node->create_subscription<IntraProcessMessage>("invalid_topic?", callback);
+    }, rclcpp::exceptions::InvalidTopicNameError);
+  }
+}
+
 /*
    Testing subscriptions using std::bind.
  */

rclcpp/test/test_subscription_publisher_count_api.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+// Copyright 2019 Open Source Robotics Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "rclcpp/exceptions.hpp"
+#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
+
+#include "rcl_interfaces/msg/intra_process_message.hpp"
+
+using rcl_interfaces::msg::IntraProcessMessage;
+
+struct TestParameters
+{
+  rclcpp::NodeOptions node_options;
+  std::string description;
+};
+
+std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & out, const TestParameters & params)
+{
+  out << params.description;
+  return out;
+}
+
+class TestSubscriptionPublisherCount : public ::testing::TestWithParam<TestParameters>
+{
+public:
+  static void SetUpTestCase()
+  {
+    rclcpp::init(0, nullptr);
+  }
+
+protected:
+  void SetUp() {}
+  void TearDown() {}
+  static std::chrono::milliseconds offset;
+};
+
+std::chrono::milliseconds TestSubscriptionPublisherCount::offset = std::chrono::milliseconds(2000);
+
+void OnMessage(const rcl_interfaces::msg::IntraProcessMessage::SharedPtr msg)
+{
+  (void)msg;
+}
+
+TEST_P(TestSubscriptionPublisherCount, increasing_and_decreasing_counts)
+{
+  rclcpp::NodeOptions node_options = GetParam().node_options;
+  rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>(
+    "my_node",
+    "/ns",
+    node_options);
+  auto subscription = node->create_subscription<IntraProcessMessage>("/topic", &OnMessage);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(subscription->get_publisher_count(), 0u);
+  {
+    auto pub = node->create_publisher<IntraProcessMessage>("/topic");
+    rclcpp::sleep_for(offset);
+    EXPECT_EQ(subscription->get_publisher_count(), 1u);
+    {
+      rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr another_node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>(
+        "another_node",
+        "/ns",
+        node_options);
+      auto another_pub =
+        another_node->create_publisher<IntraProcessMessage>("/topic");
+
+      rclcpp::sleep_for(offset);
+      EXPECT_EQ(subscription->get_publisher_count(), 2u);
+    }
+    rclcpp::sleep_for(offset);
+    EXPECT_EQ(subscription->get_publisher_count(), 1u);
+  }
+  rclcpp::sleep_for(offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(subscription->get_publisher_count(), 0u);
+}
+
+auto get_new_context()
+{
+  auto context = rclcpp::Context::make_shared();
+  context->init(0, nullptr);
+  return context;
+}
+
+TestParameters parameters[] = {
+  /*
+     Testing subscription publisher count api.
+     One context.
+   */
+  {
+    rclcpp::NodeOptions(),
+    "one_context_test"
+  },
+  /*
+     Testing subscription publisher count api.
+     Two contexts.
+   */
+  {
+    rclcpp::NodeOptions().context(get_new_context()),
+    "two_contexts_test"
+  }
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
+  TestWithDifferentNodeOptions,
+  TestSubscriptionPublisherCount,
+  testing::ValuesIn(parameters),
+  testing::PrintToStringParamName());

rclcpp/test/test_time_source.cpp

@@ -37,6 +37,11 @@ protected:
     rclcpp::init(0, nullptr);
   }
 
+  static void TearDownTestCase()
+  {
+    rclcpp::shutdown();
+  }
+
   void SetUp()
   {
     node = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Node>("my_node");
@@ -50,16 +55,83 @@ protected:
   rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr node;
 };
 
-void trigger_clock_changes(
-  rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr node)
+void spin_until_time(
+  rclcpp::Clock::SharedPtr clock,
+  rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr node,
+  std::chrono::nanoseconds end_time,
+  bool expect_time_update)
 {
-  auto clock_pub = node->create_publisher<rosgraph_msgs::msg::Clock>("clock",
-      rmw_qos_profile_default);
+  // Call spin_once on the node until either:
+  // 1) We see the ros_clock's simulated time change to the expected end_time
+  // -or-
+  // 2) 1 second has elapsed in the real world
+  // If 'expect_time_update' is True, and we timed out waiting for simulated time to
+  // update, we'll have the test fail
 
   rclcpp::executors::SingleThreadedExecutor executor;
   executor.add_node(node);
 
-  rclcpp::WallRate loop_rate(50);
+  auto start = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+  while (std::chrono::system_clock::now() < (start + 1s)) {
+    if (!rclcpp::ok()) {
+      break;  // Break for ctrl-c
+    }
+
+    executor.spin_once(10ms);
+
+    if (clock->now().nanoseconds() == end_time.count()) {
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (expect_time_update) {
+    // If we were expecting ROS clock->now to be updated and we didn't take the early return from
+    // the loop up above, that's a failure
+    ASSERT_TRUE(false) << "Timed out waiting for ROS time to update";
+  }
+}
+
+void spin_until_ros_time_updated(
+  rclcpp::Clock::SharedPtr clock,
+  rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr node,
+  rclcpp::ParameterValue value)
+{
+  // Similar to above:  Call spin_once until we see the clock's ros_time_is_active method
+  // match the ParameterValue
+  // Unlike spin_until_time, there aren't any test cases where we don't expect the value to
+  // update.  In the event that the ParameterValue is not set, we'll pump messages for a full second
+  // but we don't cause the test to fail
+
+  rclcpp::executors::SingleThreadedExecutor executor;
+  executor.add_node(node);
+
+  auto start = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+  while (std::chrono::system_clock::now() < (start + 1s)) {
+    if (!rclcpp::ok()) {
+      break;  // Break for ctrl-c
+    }
+
+    executor.spin_once(10ms);
+
+    // In the case where we didn't intend to change the parameter, we'll still pump
+    if (value.get_type() == rclcpp::ParameterType::PARAMETER_NOT_SET) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (clock->ros_time_is_active() == value.get<bool>()) {
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void trigger_clock_changes(
+  rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr node,
+  std::shared_ptr<rclcpp::Clock> clock,
+  bool expect_time_update = true)
+{
+  auto clock_pub = node->create_publisher<rosgraph_msgs::msg::Clock>("clock",
+      rmw_qos_profile_default);
+
   for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
     if (!rclcpp::ok()) {
       break;  // Break for ctrl-c
@@ -68,12 +140,23 @@ void trigger_clock_changes(
     msg->clock.sec = i;
     msg->clock.nanosec = 1000;
     clock_pub->publish(msg);
-    executor.spin_once(1000000ns);
-    loop_rate.sleep();
+
+    // workaround.  Long-term, there can be a more elegant fix where we hook a future up
+    // to a clock change callback and spin until future complete, but that's an upstream
+    // change
+    spin_until_time(
+      clock,
+      node,
+      std::chrono::seconds(i) + std::chrono::nanoseconds(1000),
+      expect_time_update
+    );
   }
 }
 
-void set_use_sim_time_parameter(rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr node, rclcpp::ParameterValue value)
+void set_use_sim_time_parameter(
+  rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr node,
+  rclcpp::ParameterValue value,
+  rclcpp::Clock::SharedPtr clock)
 {
   auto parameters_client = std::make_shared<rclcpp::SyncParametersClient>(node);
 
@@ -85,10 +168,12 @@ void set_use_sim_time_parameter(rclcpp::Node::SharedPtr node, rclcpp::ParameterV
   for (auto & result : set_parameters_results) {
     EXPECT_TRUE(result.successful);
   }
-  // SyncParametersClient returns when parameters have been set on the node_parameters interface,
-  // but it doesn't mean the on_parameter_event subscription in TimeSource has been called.
-  // Spin some to handle that subscription.
-  rclcpp::spin_some(node);
+
+  // Same as above - workaround for a little bit of asynchronus behavior.  The sim_time paramater
+  // is set synchronously, but the way the ros clock gets notified involves a pub/sub that happens
+  // AFTER the synchronous notification that the parameter was set.  This may also get fixed
+  // upstream
+  spin_until_ros_time_updated(clock, node, value);
 }
 
 TEST_F(TestTimeSource, detachUnattached) {
@@ -107,7 +192,7 @@ TEST_F(TestTimeSource, reattach) {
   ASSERT_NO_THROW(ts.attachNode(node));
 }
 
-TEST_F(TestTimeSource, ROS_time_valid) {
+TEST_F(TestTimeSource, ROS_time_valid_attach_detach) {
   rclcpp::TimeSource ts;
   auto ros_clock = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Clock>(RCL_ROS_TIME);
 
@@ -126,6 +211,37 @@ TEST_F(TestTimeSource, ROS_time_valid) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(ros_clock->ros_time_is_active());
 }
 
+TEST_F(TestTimeSource, ROS_time_valid_wall_time) {
+  rclcpp::TimeSource ts;
+  auto ros_clock = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Clock>(RCL_ROS_TIME);
+  auto ros_clock2 = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Clock>(RCL_ROS_TIME);
+
+  ts.attachClock(ros_clock);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ros_clock->ros_time_is_active());
+
+  ts.attachNode(node);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ros_clock->ros_time_is_active());
+
+  ts.attachClock(ros_clock2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ros_clock2->ros_time_is_active());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestTimeSource, ROS_time_valid_sim_time) {
+  rclcpp::TimeSource ts;
+  auto ros_clock = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Clock>(RCL_ROS_TIME);
+  auto ros_clock2 = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Clock>(RCL_ROS_TIME);
+
+  ts.attachClock(ros_clock);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ros_clock->ros_time_is_active());
+
+  node->set_parameter_if_not_set("use_sim_time", true);
+  ts.attachNode(node);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ros_clock->ros_time_is_active());
+
+  ts.attachClock(ros_clock2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ros_clock2->ros_time_is_active());
+}
+
 TEST_F(TestTimeSource, clock) {
   rclcpp::TimeSource ts(node);
   auto ros_clock = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Clock>(RCL_ROS_TIME);
@@ -133,17 +249,17 @@ TEST_F(TestTimeSource, clock) {
   ts.attachClock(ros_clock);
   EXPECT_FALSE(ros_clock->ros_time_is_active());
 
-  trigger_clock_changes(node);
+  trigger_clock_changes(node, ros_clock, false);
 
   // Even now that we've recieved a message, ROS time should still not be active since the
   // parameter has not been explicitly set.
   EXPECT_FALSE(ros_clock->ros_time_is_active());
 
   // Activate ROS time.
-  set_use_sim_time_parameter(node, rclcpp::ParameterValue(true));
+  set_use_sim_time_parameter(node, rclcpp::ParameterValue(true), ros_clock);
   EXPECT_TRUE(ros_clock->ros_time_is_active());
 
-  trigger_clock_changes(node);
+  trigger_clock_changes(node, ros_clock);
 
   auto t_out = ros_clock->now();
 
@@ -200,7 +316,10 @@ TEST_F(TestTimeSource, callbacks) {
   ts.attachClock(ros_clock);
   EXPECT_FALSE(ros_clock->ros_time_is_active());
 
-  trigger_clock_changes(node);
+  // Last arg below is 'expect_time_update'  Since ros_time is not active yet, we don't expect
+  // the simulated time to be updated by trigger_clock_changes.  The method will pump messages
+  // anyway, but won't fail the test when the simulated time doesn't update
+  trigger_clock_changes(node, ros_clock, false);
   auto t_low = rclcpp::Time(1, 0, RCL_ROS_TIME);
   auto t_high = rclcpp::Time(10, 100000, RCL_ROS_TIME);
 
@@ -209,10 +328,10 @@ TEST_F(TestTimeSource, callbacks) {
   EXPECT_EQ(0, cbo.last_postcallback_id_);
 
   // Activate ROS time.
-  set_use_sim_time_parameter(node, rclcpp::ParameterValue(true));
+  set_use_sim_time_parameter(node, rclcpp::ParameterValue(true), ros_clock);
   EXPECT_TRUE(ros_clock->ros_time_is_active());
 
-  trigger_clock_changes(node);
+  trigger_clock_changes(node, ros_clock);
 
   auto t_out = ros_clock->now();
 
@@ -230,7 +349,7 @@ TEST_F(TestTimeSource, callbacks) {
     std::bind(&CallbackObject::post_callback, &cbo, std::placeholders::_1, 2),
     jump_threshold);
 
-  trigger_clock_changes(node);
+  trigger_clock_changes(node, ros_clock);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(2, cbo.last_precallback_id_);
   EXPECT_EQ(2, cbo.last_postcallback_id_);
@@ -249,7 +368,7 @@ TEST_F(TestTimeSource, callbacks) {
     std::function<void(rcl_time_jump_t)>(),
     jump_threshold);
 
-  trigger_clock_changes(node);
+  trigger_clock_changes(node, ros_clock);
   EXPECT_EQ(3, cbo.last_precallback_id_);
   EXPECT_EQ(2, cbo.last_postcallback_id_);
 
@@ -259,7 +378,7 @@ TEST_F(TestTimeSource, callbacks) {
     std::bind(&CallbackObject::post_callback, &cbo, std::placeholders::_1, 4),
     jump_threshold);
 
-  trigger_clock_changes(node);
+  trigger_clock_changes(node, ros_clock);
   EXPECT_EQ(3, cbo.last_precallback_id_);
   EXPECT_EQ(4, cbo.last_postcallback_id_);
 }
@@ -294,10 +413,10 @@ TEST_F(TestTimeSource, callback_handler_erasure) {
   EXPECT_EQ(0, cbo.last_postcallback_id_);
 
   // Activate ROS time.
-  set_use_sim_time_parameter(node, rclcpp::ParameterValue(true));
+  set_use_sim_time_parameter(node, rclcpp::ParameterValue(true), ros_clock);
   EXPECT_TRUE(ros_clock->ros_time_is_active());
 
-  trigger_clock_changes(node);
+  trigger_clock_changes(node, ros_clock);
 
   auto t_low = rclcpp::Time(1, 0, RCL_ROS_TIME);
   auto t_high = rclcpp::Time(10, 100000, RCL_ROS_TIME);
@@ -321,7 +440,7 @@ TEST_F(TestTimeSource, callback_handler_erasure) {
   // Remove the last callback in the vector
   callback_handler2.reset();
 
-  trigger_clock_changes(node);
+  trigger_clock_changes(node, ros_clock);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(2, cbo.last_precallback_id_);
   EXPECT_EQ(2, cbo.last_postcallback_id_);
@@ -335,7 +454,6 @@ TEST_F(TestTimeSource, callback_handler_erasure) {
   EXPECT_GT(t_high.nanoseconds(), t_out.nanoseconds());
 }
 
-
 TEST_F(TestTimeSource, parameter_activation) {
   rclcpp::TimeSource ts(node);
   auto ros_clock = std::make_shared<rclcpp::Clock>(RCL_ROS_TIME);
@@ -344,27 +462,25 @@ TEST_F(TestTimeSource, parameter_activation) {
   ts.attachClock(ros_clock);
   EXPECT_FALSE(ros_clock->ros_time_is_active());
 
-  set_use_sim_time_parameter(node, rclcpp::ParameterValue(true));
+  set_use_sim_time_parameter(node, rclcpp::ParameterValue(true), ros_clock);
   EXPECT_TRUE(ros_clock->ros_time_is_active());
 
-  set_use_sim_time_parameter(
-    node, rclcpp::ParameterValue(rclcpp::ParameterType::PARAMETER_NOT_SET));
+  set_use_sim_time_parameter(node, rclcpp::ParameterValue(), ros_clock);
   EXPECT_TRUE(ros_clock->ros_time_is_active());
 
-  set_use_sim_time_parameter(node, rclcpp::ParameterValue(false));
+  set_use_sim_time_parameter(node, rclcpp::ParameterValue(false), ros_clock);
   EXPECT_FALSE(ros_clock->ros_time_is_active());
 
-  set_use_sim_time_parameter(
-    node, rclcpp::ParameterValue(rclcpp::ParameterType::PARAMETER_NOT_SET));
+  set_use_sim_time_parameter(node, rclcpp::ParameterValue(), ros_clock);
   EXPECT_FALSE(ros_clock->ros_time_is_active());
 
   // If the use_sim_time parameter is not explicitly set to True, this clock's use of sim time
   // should not be affected by the presence of a clock publisher.
-  trigger_clock_changes(node);
+  trigger_clock_changes(node, ros_clock, false);
   EXPECT_FALSE(ros_clock->ros_time_is_active());
-  set_use_sim_time_parameter(node, rclcpp::ParameterValue(false));
+  set_use_sim_time_parameter(node, rclcpp::ParameterValue(false), ros_clock);
   EXPECT_FALSE(ros_clock->ros_time_is_active());
-  set_use_sim_time_parameter(node, rclcpp::ParameterValue(true));
+  set_use_sim_time_parameter(node, rclcpp::ParameterValue(true), ros_clock);
   EXPECT_TRUE(ros_clock->ros_time_is_active());
 }
 
@@ -389,7 +505,7 @@ TEST_F(TestTimeSource, no_pre_jump_callback) {
   ts.attachClock(ros_clock);
 
   // Activate ROS time
-  set_use_sim_time_parameter(node, rclcpp::ParameterValue(true));
+  set_use_sim_time_parameter(node, rclcpp::ParameterValue(true), ros_clock);
   ASSERT_TRUE(ros_clock->ros_time_is_active());
 
   EXPECT_EQ(0, cbo.last_precallback_id_);

rclcpp/test/test_utilities.cpp

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <memory>
 
+#include "rclcpp/contexts/default_context.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/exceptions.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/utilities.hpp"
 
@@ -49,5 +50,34 @@ TEST(TestUtilities, init_with_args) {
   ASSERT_EQ(1u, other_args.size());
   ASSERT_EQ(std::string{"process_name"}, other_args[0]);
 
-  EXPECT_TRUE(rclcpp::is_initialized());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(rclcpp::ok());
+  rclcpp::shutdown();
+}
+
+TEST(TestUtilities, multi_init) {
+  auto context1 = std::make_shared<rclcpp::contexts::default_context::DefaultContext>();
+  auto context2 = std::make_shared<rclcpp::contexts::default_context::DefaultContext>();
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(rclcpp::ok(context1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(rclcpp::ok(context2));
+
+  context1->init(0, nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(rclcpp::ok(context1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(rclcpp::ok(context2));
+
+  context2->init(0, nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(rclcpp::ok(context1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(rclcpp::ok(context2));
+
+  rclcpp::shutdown(context1);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(rclcpp::ok(context1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(rclcpp::ok(context2));
+
+  rclcpp::shutdown(context2);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(rclcpp::ok(context1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(rclcpp::ok(context2));
 }

rclcpp_action/CHANGELOG.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Changelog for package rclcpp_action
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+0.7.0 (2019-04-14)
+------------------
+* Fixed hard-coded duration type representation so int64_t isn't assumed. (`#648 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/648>`_)
+* Added documentation to rclcpp_action. (`#650 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/pull/650>`_)
+* Updated to use separated action types. (`#601 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/601>`_)
+* Updated to wait for action server before sending goal. (`#637 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/637>`_)
+* Refactored server goal handle's try_canceling() function. (`#603 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/603>`_)
+* Contributors: Emerson Knapp, Jacob Perron, Michel Hidalgo, Shane Loretz
+
+0.6.2 (2018-12-13)
+------------------
+
+0.6.1 (2018-12-07)
+------------------
+* Added wait_for_action_server() for action clients (`#598 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/598>`_)
+* Updated to adapt to action implicit changes (`#602 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/602>`_)
+* Added rclcpp_action Server implementation (`#593 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/593>`_)
+* Added action client implementation (`#594 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/594>`_)
+* Added skeleton for Action Server and Client (`#579 <https://github.com/ros2/rclcpp/issues/579>`_)
+* Contributors: Michel Hidalgo, Shane Loretz, William Woodall

rclcpp_action/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
+
+project(rclcpp_action)
+
+find_package(ament_cmake_ros REQUIRED)
+find_package(action_msgs REQUIRED)
+find_package(rclcpp REQUIRED)
+find_package(rcl_action REQUIRED)
+find_package(rosidl_generator_cpp REQUIRED)
+
+# Default to C++14
+if(NOT CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD)
+  set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
+endif()
+if(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX OR CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
+  add_compile_options(-Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic)
+endif()
+
+include_directories(include)
+
+set(${PROJECT_NAME}_SRCS
+  src/client.cpp
+  src/server.cpp
+  src/server_goal_handle.cpp
+  src/types.cpp
+)
+
+add_library(${PROJECT_NAME}
+  ${${PROJECT_NAME}_SRCS})
+
+ament_target_dependencies(${PROJECT_NAME}
+  "action_msgs"
+  "rcl_action"
+  "rclcpp"
+  "rosidl_generator_c"
+  "rosidl_generator_cpp")
+
+# Causes the visibility macros to use dllexport rather than dllimport,
+# which is appropriate when building the dll but not consuming it.
+target_compile_definitions(${PROJECT_NAME}
+  PRIVATE "RCLCPP_ACTION_BUILDING_LIBRARY")
+
+install(
+  DIRECTORY include/
+  DESTINATION include)
+
+install(
+  TARGETS ${PROJECT_NAME}
+  ARCHIVE DESTINATION lib
+  LIBRARY DESTINATION lib
+  RUNTIME DESTINATION bin
+)
+
+# specific order: dependents before dependencies
+ament_export_include_directories(include)
+ament_export_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME})
+
+ament_export_dependencies(ament_cmake)
+ament_export_dependencies(action_msgs)
+ament_export_dependencies(rclcpp)
+ament_export_dependencies(rcl_action)
+ament_export_dependencies(rosidl_generator_c)
+ament_export_dependencies(rosidl_generator_cpp)
+
+if(BUILD_TESTING)
+  find_package(ament_cmake_gtest REQUIRED)
+  find_package(ament_lint_auto REQUIRED)
+  ament_lint_auto_find_test_dependencies()
+
+  ament_add_gtest(test_client test/test_client.cpp)
+  if(TARGET test_client)
+    ament_target_dependencies(test_client
+      "test_msgs"
+    )
+    target_link_libraries(test_client
+      ${PROJECT_NAME}
+    )
+  endif()
+
+  ament_add_gtest(test_server test/test_server.cpp)
+  if(TARGET test_server)
+    ament_target_dependencies(test_server
+      "test_msgs"
+    )
+    target_link_libraries(test_server
+      ${PROJECT_NAME}
+    )
+  endif()
+
+endif()
+
+ament_package()